How to make a car stethoscope with your own hands? Your own diagnostician

Schematic electrical diagrams, connecting devices and pinouts of connectors

Introducing a very simple homemade technical stethoscope. It was made for the purpose of testing suspension systems in cars and has been used for this purpose for many years. The probes are made in the form of neodymium magnets with capacitive microphones (electret) attached. The sensor is filled with epoxy glue, so it is very resistant to damage, water and at the same time it is rigid enough to transmit vibrations well.

Electronic variant

A self-created version of a home car diagnostic in electronic form is capable of more accurately transmitting sound vibrations. Its main components are the DA 1 chip (K140 UD 6)

, a pair of resistors, transistors and headphones. The vibration sensor can be made from a ceramic cam with piezo activation (similar examples can be found in old players).

A transmitter with a piezoelectric element transforms vibration movements into electrical vibrations, amplified by a built-in sound transducer. Reproducible audio frequencies in the range from 1,000 to 3,000 Hz,

are considered the best option for the perception of signals by human hearing. Headphones serve as a transmitter of sound information from the object under study for reading by a person.

Schemes of simple stethoscopes on an op-amp

Figure 1 shows a circuit of a simple ULF with high input impedance and a dual power supply. The signal source is a piezoelectric element or piezo emitter. Microphone-stethoscope.

R4С4, С2, С3 provide ULF stability (at HF). Capacitors C2, C3 are placed as close as possible to the op-amp.

Fig.1. Circuit of a simple ULF with high input impedance and a bipolar power supply. (Microphone-stethoscope).

Elements for the circuit in Figure 1:

R1=100k-1m (volume adjustment),
R2=10k-20k (sensitivity adjustment),
R3=1m-2m, R4=10;
C1 =0.1 μF - 1.0 μF, C2 = 0.1 μF - 0.ZmkF, C3 = 0.1 μF-0.ZmkF, C4 = 0.1 μF;
A1 - op-amp - 140UD12, 140UD20, 140UD8 or any other op-amp with internal correction;
T1, T2 - KT3102, KT3107 or KT315, KT361, or similar complementary (paired) transistors;
B1 - piezoelectric element GZP-308, PE-1 or similar;
B2 - piezo emitter ZP-1, ZP-22 or similar.
T - TM-2A or similar.

Figure 2 shows a circuit of a simple ULF with high input impedance and one power source. The signal source is a piezoelectric element or piezo emitter. Microphone-stethoscope.

R4С4, С2 provide ULF stability (at HF). Capacitor C2 is placed as close as possible to the op-amp.

Rice. 2. Circuit of a simple ULF with high input impedance and a unipolar power supply. (Microphone-stethoscope).

Elements for the circuit in Figure 2:

R1=100k-1m (volume adjustment),
R2=10k-20k (sensitivity adjustment),
R3=1 m-2m, R4=10, R5=136=1 m-2m;
C1 =0.1 μF - 1.0 μF, C2 = 0.1 μF - 0.ZmkF,
C3 - absent, C4 = 0.1 μF, C5 = 0.1 μF-1 .ΩF;
A1 - op-amp - 140UD8, 140UD12, 140UD20 or any other op-amp with internal correction (preferably) and in standard connection;
T1, T2 - KT3102, KT3107 or KT315, KT361, or similar complementary (paired) transistors;
B1 - piezoelectric element GZP-308, PE-1 or similar;
B2 - piezo emitter ZP-1, ZP-22 or similar;
T - TM-2A or similar.

Figure 3 shows a ULF circuit with a high input impedance , dual power supply and frequency response corrector . The signal source is a piezoelectric element or piezo emitter. Microphone-stethoscope with fairly high parameters!

The first ULF stage (OA A1) provides preliminary amplification of the signal and coordination with the frequency response corrector (timbre block or equalizer). After the corrector and volume control, the signal is fed to the power amplifier at op amp A2 and T1 and T2. The output is a telephone or a dynamic loudspeaker (T1 and T2 - KT502 and KT503).

R8С4, С5, С6, С7, С8 provide ULF stability (at HF). Capacitors C5, C6, C7, C8 are placed as close as possible to the op-amp. C2, R5 provide galvanic isolation between op amp A2 and the previous circuit. This minimizes the zero imbalance at the output of op amp A2.

The sensor is connected to the ULF using a shielded wire.

Rice. 3. Circuit of a simple ULF with high input impedance, bipolar power supply and frequency response corrector. (Microphone-stethoscope).

Elements for the circuit in Figure 3:

R1=100k-1m, R2=10k-20k (sensitivity adjustment),
R3=100k-200k,
R4=5k-100k (volume adjustment),
R5=100k-1 m (R5>>R4),
R6=10k-20k (sensitivity adjustment),
R7=100k-200k, R8=10;
C1 =0.1 µF-1.0 µF, C2 = 0.1 µF-1.0 µF, C3 = 0.1 µF-1.0 µF,
C4=0.1 µF, C5=0.1 µF-0.3 µF, C6=0.1 µF-0.3 µF,
C7=0.1 µF-0.ZmkF, C8=0.1 µF-0.3 µF;
A1 - op-amp - 140UD8, 140UD12, 140UD20 or any other op-amp with internal correction (preferably) and in standard connection;
T1, T2 - KT3102, KT3107 or KT315, KT361, or similar complementary (paired) transistors;
B1 - piezoelectric element GZP-308, PE-1 or similar;
B2 - piezo emitter ZP-1, ZP-22 or similar;
T - TM-2A or similar.

The same experiment can be repeated, but with window glass. In this case, the piezoelectric crystal is attached to the glass. At the same time, to ensure secrecy, the piezoelectric crystal is attached to the glass close to the frame! You can attach it to the glass from the street side. At the same time, you can clearly hear everything that happens in the room.

You can hear quite well even if you attach the crystal to the outer glass in the case of a double frame. Even a double frame does not protect completely! And you can believe that when using a piezocrystal of a relatively large area (1-2 sq. cm), a low-noise and sensitive amplifier, the sound will be quite loud and clear.

A similar experiment can be carried out with a table. It turns out that a traditional chipboard table with a piezocrystal attached can be an excellent microphone, providing good sound quality. The larger the surface area of the table, usually made on the basis of a chipboard, the higher the sound quality.

What is a diagnostic connector

Each car with an electronic control system has a special diagnostic connector, which is most often located under the steering column. The connector is connected directly to the electronic control unit and provides access to almost all settings of all vehicle systems. In addition, the ECU, through the diagnostic connector, will always show the error code that caused the Check Engine signal or malfunctions.

An adapter for diagnosing a car with your own hands allows you to decipher the ECU coding and make it understandable for any computer or even smartphone. This, of course, requires certain programs that are written both for a specific brand of car and for general use. If you were unable to diagnose yourself, we advise you to purchase diagnostic equipment https://ukr-truck.com/ua/, which will help you more accurately identify the problem.

Manufacturing procedure

The first step is to make a membrane. We drill a hole with a diameter of approximately 4 mm in the center of the galvanized disk. On the knitting needle, you first need to cut off the head, and then, using a blade, cut an external thread of 4 mm.

Next, assemble the membrane by screwing a nut onto the spoke. Next we put on the washer, then the membrane (disc) itself, the axle box gasket, and secure it with a nut and washer.

All that remains is to cut off the widest part of the PPR connector (American), and then bore it along the inner diameter of the ring. We put the seal on the knitting needle and secure it with an American one.

We attach the fitting directly to the stethoscope itself, having previously removed the original membrane. To connect the membrane fitting, it is necessary to use additional winding of the fume tape to ensure maximum tightness.

To check a car stethoscope, you need to blow into the fitting. Air should not escape, or occur with considerable effort.

Such a simple device will help you determine the source of creaks, knocks and noises in the engine, and will also save you money on diagnostics when there is no problem with the engine.

If it seems that this is all very difficult, then use a simpler method.

I hope this homemade product will be useful to you. Don’t forget to mark if you liked the article and think this device is necessary for your garage!

Taken from: drive2.ru

Ask in the comments. We will definitely answer!

Application and Use

How to make a car stethoscope with your own hands in two versions: electronic and mechanical, we will consider further, having previously familiarized ourselves with the scope of its application and proper use.

The device in question is universal and can be used for the following purposes:
Diagnostics of the engine, chassis, electrical equipment of the vehicle;
Listening to the operation of a turbopump, compressor, gearbox.

When listening to a car engine with a stethoscope, you need to pay attention to extraneous sounds. Optimally, all engine cylinders should work in unison, without intermittent noise or vibration. A high-quality stethoscope allows you to detect the slightest problems in the engine, the timely elimination of which will not lead to more serious problems.

Listening to the crankshaft bearings is carried out exclusively on a warm engine body, when the speed changes sharply. Main and connecting rod bearings have different sound characteristics. The first option sounds low and dull, and the connecting rod elements produce a ringing noise that subsides when the spark plug is switched to ground. A stethoscope will help you check the valve assembly parts, piston group and gears for unusual sounds.

The procedure for using a handy electronic diagnostic device is quite simple and is as follows:

In the area of the threaded connection, a probe is screwed to the stethoscope;
The headphones are connected to the main unit;
The device is turned on by the start button and adjusted to the required noise level;
The probe is applied to the element being tested, and the supplied information is perceived by ear.

Communities › DIY › Blog › DIY car stethoscope.

Comments 25

So what was making the engine hum? :))

The bearings have their own sound and the windings have their own.

There was also a need for a stethoscope. I disassembled the medical one - pulled out the membrane, cut out a round piece to fit it from a tin can, now I’m looking for some kind of rod to solder and screw into the center of the tin

for many years they made stethoscopes from cans under pressure, whatever you could get your hands on, a carburetor cleaner and a rod 50 centimeters long and 3-4 mm in diameter, take the can and a sharp knife, cut the bottom exactly along the edge of the rolling, we get a convex plate, now cut off the can from the valve side, leaving a height of a centimeter and a half (to make it easier to insert the bottom) break out the nipple, insert the rod, fasten the rod as convenient as possible soldering proxy-pol, etc. now carefully insert the bottom of the can that we prepared earlier, push the bottom all the way, now cut where we left a centimeter, leaving about 2-3 mm with the handle of a knife, roll the edge if in doubt sealed can be soldered

Now I really use an electronic one with a flexible tip

but sometimes I make it out of spray cans for friends

Not my idea, I picked it up from some guys I know from a nearby service station

Well done! Nice adaptation. Don't pay attention to individual comments from schoolchildren. A ton of school age husks on the Drive from 5th to 11th grade. They registered as adult car owners and get into men’s conversations with their childish minds. It's like a little daughter trying to walk in her mother's shoes!

Have you ever found yourself in a situation where your home is a couple of thousand kilometers away, the nearest service center is nowhere, and the sound of a dying bearing comes from the engine compartment? I was having fun. Then I had to remove the service belt and turn all the rollers by hand. It turned out that the AC clutch bearing had run out. But if I had such a gadget with me back then, I would have spent at most 2 minutes instead of a couple of hours on the entire diagnosis.

iron rod and wood from Antonio Stradivari)))))

Source

Mechanical autostethoscope

To create this model, you will not need to search for highly specialized elements and electronic circuits. The elementary method of making a mechanical stethoscope involves the use of improvised objects. An empty plastic bottle, preferably with a wide neck, which will serve as a catcher of acoustic changes, is suitable as the basis of the device.

After cutting off the neck of the container, carefully under the thread, a plastic element is attached absolutely hermetically to the frill (which should first be treated with sandpaper). A metal bolt with a diameter of no more than 5 mm is inserted into the middle of the part, along the diameter of the cut workpiece. The wide part of the part should be located inside the workpiece. Plastic is attached to the threaded part of the bolt, which is clamped with a nut with moderate force so as not to push through the structure.

The finished plastic circle with a bolt is glued to the neck according to the principle of a funnel-shaped watering can. A hole is made at the very edge of the bottle into which an elastic thin tube (for example, a dropper) is mounted. After carefully adjusting the tube, the connection point is fixed with glue that is not aggressive to PVC materials.

. Vehicle diagnostics play a big role in its further operation and the safety of the driver and passengers. How to make a car stethoscope with your own hands in two versions was discussed above. The choice of a mechanical or electronic sample remains with the vehicle owner. But it is worth noting that the electronic model, both purchased and homemade, provides more accurate information.

Materials for work

The design of the device is quite simple, and all that is required to make it is a phonendoscope (an old, damaged device is ideal), as well as a small piece of wire. It is better to take aluminum wire, since it has better sound conductivity, but metal, even a nail, will do. The main thing is that the diameter is such that it, without insulation, fits into the tube of the medical device and is held tightly there.

This way you can make a car stethoscope. In which auto mechanics, like doctors, listen to the “sick patient.”

The cheapest way to get an electronic stethoscope or “and if there’s a little file here...”

Some time ago, one of my readers, to whom I am very grateful, sent me material on the basis of which I wrote this article.

So, the cheapest way to get an electronic stethoscope is to make one yourself. I haven’t done this myself, I admit. But below you will find several videos that show in detail how this can be done using the head of a stethoscope and a microphone. It's really simple.

Note that the result is not really a stethoscope. The video describes how to make a heart microphone. You can use this device to record heart sounds, but you cannot listen to the heart using this device alone. No need, a good traditional stethoscope can produce sound as good as an electronic one, if not better. However, if you wish, you can add something, and then you can listen as well. I'll tell you a little lower.

I’ll add a little about sound quality: 1. The higher the quality of the stethoscope head and microphone, the higher the sound quality. 2. If you record sound directly into a computer, the recording quality will be mediocre. It is better to use an audio interface, also known as a sound card, or an analog-to-digital converter. This is a special device designed to convert sound into digital code. The computer makes it worse. Such devices are worth something, so they are more likely to be available to musicians and audiophiles. An alternative option is to record with a portable audio recorder. I think the recording quality will be higher than when recording on a PC. For example on ZOOM H2N. I used this model, so I can say for sure. This voice recorder has a jack for connecting an external microphone. It is also possible to connect headphones. In this case, you can not only record sound, but also listen to it. In short, recording sound on a voice recorder is both easier and better quality. This model - ZOOM H1 - is cheaper, but should be just as suitable.

I described a very good option for visualizing heart sound in a previous article.

Now about programs for analyzing and processing sound. There are several good free options. The first one is Audacity. This is a powerful program for recording and processing audio. There is a simplified version of Thinklabs Audacity. Here's a video to illustrate:

The second option is TwistedWave Online. The program runs in a browser and has some limitations in the free version. Well, it accepts mono files and no longer than 5 minutes. You don't need any more. Why do you need these programs? 1. Visualization of sound helps a lot to understand what exactly you hear. This is one of the most powerful tools for teaching auscultation. 2. Sound can be processed. Process how and why? It is useful and interesting to use an equalizer to remove some frequencies and make others louder. For example, cut frequencies below 100 Hz and get the effect of listening through a membrane. Or, conversely, remove everything above 100 Hz and get the effect of listening through a funnel. Or look for the range where an interesting sound is located, and make it louder and more noticeable.

There are a number of professional programs. I really love TRIUMPH from AUDIOFILE.

What I don't know is how to connect a stethoscope to an iPhone. There seems to be a good program for phonocardiography, the Thinklabs Stethoscope App, but I have not been able to connect a stethoscope to this program for several years. I also can’t say anything about Android.

Schematic diagram of a technical stethoscope

The signal from each probe is routed through a shielded cable to a “commutator” that contains switches.

The signal is adjusted by changing the gain of the operational amplifier to clearly hear the sounds of the objects being examined. Everything is powered by a 9-volt battery and lasts for a couple of years - it's an extremely energy efficient design.

The probes can be attached to steel elements, since the handle is made using neodymium magnets with a diameter of about 1 cm and a height of about 5 mm. The design of the probe is shown in the picture.

They can be attached anywhere, keeping in mind that the connecting cables must be located in a safe manner. You can attach them to suspension arms, shock absorbers, and then put them into the car through a side door or cable channel.

The entire set is held so tightly that not a single probe came loose or moved, despite moving at a good speed (it is important to position the wires correctly).

The probes are numbered and are attached to the locations described on the central unit. During the test, you can turn on the probes and listen to the sound from one, two, or as many probes as you want to hear.

This device, which by the way is very common in the construction and maintenance of technical machines, has made it possible to find many interesting problems over the years - which is why, despite its primitive design, it deserves publication.

Why do you need autodiagnostics?

If the car begins to operate intermittently, power drops, consumption of fuel and lubricants increases, etc., it is necessary to find the cause of the malfunction and eliminate it. A modern car consists of a large number of components and systems, so without special knowledge it is almost impossible to find the cause of the malfunction. Computer diagnostics come to the rescue, which is available to any car enthusiast if they have the necessary equipment.

Before diagnosing a car yourself, you should understand what it involves and what goals are being pursued. During the test, error codes that have occurred in various components and systems of the vehicle are read. Thanks to the latest diagnostic equipment, it is possible to detect even minor problems in the operation of the engine, especially the injection engine, where a lot of electronics are involved.

The purpose of self-diagnosis of a car is to identify faults and configure the control unit to improve the operation of various mechanisms and systems of the car.

Using diagnostic equipment and special software, the car owner receives the following capabilities:

regulate the fuel supply, that is, change the lambda characteristics;
if there are plugins, you can create an interface for the vehicle electronics;
using the settings, automate the diagnostics of the vehicle’s electrical system if there are any deviations in the operation of units and mechanisms.

The need to diagnose a car yourself arises in the following cases:

If the sensor indicator lights on the instrument panel indicate possible problems with the systems.
If there is a suspicion of incorrect operation of units and components. A check is performed to ensure that they are indeed faulty.
When buying a used car, it is advisable to check the operation of the injector, transmission, chassis and other systems.
To avoid costly repairs and keep the car in good technical condition, preventive diagnostics are performed. Experts recommend carrying it out at least once a year.

There are a number of signs by which we can conclude that a specific system or machine component should be checked:

Self-diagnosis of the injector is performed when fuel consumption is increased, the engine is unstable, if it starts with difficulty, or takes a long time to warm up. The power unit needs to be checked if its throttle response has decreased, extraneous sounds are heard during operation, idle speed is either too high or too low. In this case, the electrical part and the ignition system need to be checked; in addition, the compression in the cylinders should be measured.
The need to check the suspension arises when the tires wear unevenly, a hum or knocking occurs when turning, other extraneous sounds occur, or they appear when driving on an uneven road. In addition, suspension diagnostics should be performed if, when turning, drift of one of the axles, premature activation of the ABS system, or increased free play of the steering wheel are detected.
The transmission requires checking; if one of the gears does not engage, slipping, jerking and vibration appear when changing gears. Transmission testing should be carried out when there is increased fuel consumption or fluid leakage from the automatic transmission.

Using special equipment, error codes are read, the control unit processes information about the operation of regulators and sensors, analyzing the operation of the entire system or unit.

Scheme

Found: 4,460 Output: 1-10

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Diagnostic devices

For the purpose of computer diagnostics, you need to have: a laptop with Bluetooth function (tablet or smartphone with Bluetooth), diagnostic software (one program or several) - it must be installed in advance on the device from which the test will be carried out, as well as a scanner-adapter. If Bluetooth does not work, adapters that connect to the car port using a computer connecting cable are suitable.

The devices can be any, as long as screen access is provided: tablet, laptop, smartphone, PC. The most convenient and mobile option would be a smartphone, which takes up minimal space and has functions and memory comparable to an average PC.

There are many types of adapters that are sold and widely available. Among them there are those that are intended for cars of specific brands. There are also universal ones, suitable for cars from different manufacturers.

Car service centers work with professional devices that read data from specific car brands. Hobbyists often purchase simple and inexpensive scanners that are versatile. For example, a universal adapter (diagnoses many brands of cars) KKL USB VAG-COM 409.1 (costs about 1 thousand rubles).

Multi-brand scanners are sold, intended for use by entry-level professional diagnosticians; they are more expensive. The BLACK CDP+ 2016 car scanner costs 7,500 rubles and is suitable for diagnosing cars from most manufacturers.

The Vasya-Diagnostic scanner, well known among motorists, works with cars from the VAG group (Audi, Skoda, Volkswagen), and costs about 6,000 rubles.

The universal ELM327 OBD2 bluetooth scanner has good quality and a reasonable price, supports cars of all brands that went on sale since 1996. It can be purchased at a price of 1500–2000 rubles.

Very popular among car enthusiasts, the ELM327 1.5 is made in China and costs about $5. Considered reliable, works with all new and old cars, data transfer is via Bluetooth.

Car scanners equipped with Bluetooth technology can:

recognize error codes and decipher them: read engine data, automatic transmission, ABS, and the instrument interface is in Russian;
monitor the sensor values in real time: the display shows data on fuel consumption, on-board network voltage, coolant temperature, engine speed, vehicle speed, fuel system condition, oxygen sensor voltage;
erase found errors from the car’s ECU;
download and configure an extended set of error codes for specific brands of cars;
automatically send logs and sensor values to the server.

Methods for conducting self-checks

There are several ways to test a car yourself. In general, they can be divided into computer and mechanical diagnostics.

Since cars are stuffed with all sorts of electronics, diagnostics of the car’s auto electrics are necessary from time to time. Based on the need for testing, modern car models are equipped with a diagnostic connector. It is usually located near the steering column. Today there are a large number of testing devices. The choice of a specific device depends on the car model and the capabilities of the buyer.

reads error codes from the memory of the control unit;
deciphers codes;
qualifies codes as current and established;
allows you to obtain engine test parameters;
carries out operational control of systems;
resets errors, erasing them from memory;
allows you to flash (reprogram) devices.

The easiest way to diagnose a vehicle is with a special scanner, which must be selected according to the car model. True, there are universal devices with which you can carry out self-diagnosis yourself. These devices allow you to directly connect to the control unit and read the necessary information.

Using a scanner, you can obtain readings from meters, sensors, and analyze the operation of automotive systems and components. To effectively use a car scanner for diagnostics, you need an electrical diagram, which can be found in the operating manual for a specific machine (the author of the video is Andrey Toskin).

Stethoscope and phonendoscope: difference, photo (how to distinguish devices)

In this article we will try to analyze the distinctive features of these medical diagnostic devices, which allow you to listen to internal organs for the noise they make.

A stethoscope and a phonendoscope (the difference is observed in capturing sounds and tones) are used for auscultation of different organs. The first makes it possible to clearly hear the tones of sounds and is used in the study of the heart and intestines.

A phonendoscope picks up high-frequency sounds better, but drowns out low tones. This device is most often used when performing auscultation of the respiratory organs and blood vessels. With its help, it is possible to listen to abnormal sound manifestations, despite the presence of other noise.

A stethoscope and a phonendoscope (the difference between these devices is that phonendoscopes, unlike their predecessors, are only of a binaural design) are instruments with the help of which effective procedures for diagnosing internal organs are carried out.