Do-it-yourself rocket stove - drawings and manufacturing process: do it according to instructions, video

We tell you how to make a homemade turbo stove using simple and affordable materials that many people have on hand (for example, from a pipe of a suitable diameter).

In any case, getting all the necessary “components” to assemble the stove is not a problem.

We offer different design options to choose from. They differ in the types of materials used and the complexity of production.

To make a rocket stove with your own hands, you don’t really need any drawings. But if necessary, they can be easily found on the Internet.

You can see what the simplest design of a homemade turbo stove looks like in the diagram below.

The reaction furnace is made from a metal pipe with a diameter of 110 mm. The legs can be made from a construction corner.

All rocket stoves (including homemade ones) can be divided into two main groups:

• stationary - ideal for a summer house and a private house, as well as for a garage;
• portable stoves are compact stoves that are designed for hiking and outdoor recreation (they are also called camp stoves).

In addition, rocket stoves differ in the type of fuel used. Wood-burning stoves are widespread. But there are also “rocket launchers” that can run on fuel pellets.

You can see the benefits of using a rocket stove in the picture below.

Perhaps one of the most important arguments in favor of choosing a rocket stove is its efficiency and versatility. In addition to the fact that the stove itself requires a minimum amount of fuel for productive operation, the fuel itself may even be of the lowest quality.

For example, you can use not only dry firewood, but also brushwood, damp branches and even grass.

Working principle

During the thermal decomposition of solid organic fuel, gaseous substances are released, which also decompose and turn into wood gas in the process, which has a high level of heat release during combustion.

In traditional solid fuel stoves, wood gas goes into the pipe at the same time as the gas, where it cools and settles on the surface of the walls in the form of soot. In a rocket-type furnace, due to the horizontal channel, gases move very slowly, do not have time to cool, but burn out, giving off a decent amount of heat.

In models of jet heating devices of complex design, the heated air and gas passes through a number of internal channels. Then they move to the part on top of the body, under the hob, where it burns completely. For such a rocket there is no need for additional boost. The draft in them is formed due to the chimney, and the longer its length, the more intense the upward flow.

This diagram shows the working principle of a rocket stove with a stove bench

Tips for use

You need to launch a brick rocket stove only when the chimney is warm. For a small device, this property is not so significant, and a larger stove on a cold pipe only wastes firewood.

Therefore, to bake a rocket before loading the fuel quota after a long break in operation, you need to heat it with paper, dry shavings, straw, etc., placing them in a ash pit with the door open. When the hum in the stove decreases in pitch or subsides, then you can load all the fuel into the firebox; it should ignite by itself from the existing fire.

A rocket stove with a stove bench is not a completely self-regulating device for external conditions and fuel energy efficiency. Therefore, at the beginning of the fire with the normal amount of fuel, the ash door is left in the open position. After the stove begins to hum strongly, it is covered until the sound emitted is barely audible.

Only dry wood can be used to heat the stove; wet wood will not allow the stove to warm up to the required temperature, which can lead to reverse draft.

Advantages and disadvantages

Long combustion rocket stoves have the following good qualities:

• high efficiency - no less than 85%;
• high rate of heating of the room - by 50 m? it will become warm in less than 1 hour;
• absence of soot - emissions from fuel combustion do not form soot, but are formed in the form of steam and carbon;
• ability to operate using solid fuel of any type;
• low consumption - the use of fuel by a rocket stove is 4 - 5 times less than by a direct combustion stove under equal conditions: combustion time interval and heating temperature;
• the possibility of installing a warm bed;
• The duration of heat saving in a perfectly heated structure without adding fuel is up to 12 hours.

Such a stove has many positive qualities, but there are also bad sides

The disadvantages include:

• manual method of controlling a heating device - fuel burns out quickly and requires constant reporting;
• the high heating temperature of some structural components threatens burns to the owners if they accidentally come into contact;
• the heating speed does not make it possible to use a rocket stove for baths;
• the aesthetic component of such a device is not for everyone and is not suitable for any interior;
• danger of carbon monoxide entering living rooms.

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The building material for building a long-burning rocket stove with your own hands is chosen depending on the calorific value of the fuel. In most cases, simple red stove bricks are used for laying a significant part of the building. The firebox and combustion bunker are lined with refractory bricks.

If it is intended to use high-calorie fuel (for example, coal), then fireclay bricks are used for the construction of almost all parts of the structure. The masonry parts are secured with a water solution of a mixture of sand and clay.

Regardless of the type of design, for a long-burning rocket stove you will need to purchase stove accessories:

• blower;
• grates;
• firebox doors;
• transition cap;
• chimney pipe.

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General information about the design

A distinctive feature of the design of the stove called “Rocket” is its simple device. It contains two main parts: a firebox and a smoke exhaust pipe. The fuel bunker can be vertical or at an angle relative to the horizon. It is even removed from the chimney. In addition, designs with two fuel bunkers are being created. The option is selected for a specific place of use and depending on the wishes of the person.

The rocket furnace can have one of the following designs:

1. A vertical firebox, which is located some distance from the chimney. The length of the connecting section is not standardized. This part is used as a hob and to increase efficiency. Indeed, due to the elongated horizontal element of the stove, the heating surface increases. Therefore, it will take less time to warm up the room.
2. The vertical fuel hopper is located next to the smoke exhaust pipe. This is a common option for an exclusively heating design.
3. The firebox is located at an angle. The design allows for more convenient fuel loading.

Options for stoves called “Rocket” with corner fireboxes Source prom.st
The stove option, which is distinguished by the presence of two fuel bunkers, implies their location on the sides of the smoke exhaust pipe. In this case, the fireboxes have a vertical orientation. Moreover, they are created with a large cross-section. This design option is often used to heat water. Therefore, the stove design implies the presence of a special container on the chimney. It is usually installed on a special stand.

Tools

To build a rocket-type furnace with your own hands, you need to prepare in advance a set of working tools, which should consist of:

• trowels for scooping and distributing the solution. It is more convenient to work with a tool with a handle slightly moved to the side;
• picks or hammers - picks for trimming individual parts of bricks;
• angle grinder machine with a diamond disc for sawing solid blocks into quarters and halves;
• mallets with a rubber tip for leveling bricks in masonry;
• twisted cord - moorings;
• level for construction work;
• square and tape measure;
• shovels.

You also need to stock up on 2 containers to prepare the solution, concrete and a mesh made of metal for sifting the components.

Design and device features

Buleryan type stoves have a unique design. Two chambers of the boiler, surrounded by tubes on the outside, in which natural convection is formed. Cold air is drawn in from below through the openings of the pipes, and heated air rises from above in the range of 110-120*. For more efficient operation of the stove, it has air and flue gas regulators - damper regulators; with their help, you can achieve the longest smoldering time, up to 5-8 hours continuously. User reviews and videos under the section. The article provides a drawing and assembly diagrams.

Buleryan stove with water circuit

The Buleryan stove with a water circuit is an improved version of a conventional stove, repeating its design, but allowing you to heat several rooms instead of air; this boiler heats water, which circulates through the system. This type of stove has an advantage over the traditional Buleryan boiler.

Buleryan device with a water circuit

The main advantage of this is that the water cools down more slowly, and you can also connect the required number of radiators to the boiler.

Buleryan stove with water circuit

You can assemble a Buleryan stove with a water circuit with your own hands, or buy a factory-made stove.

Scheme of Buleryan with a water circuit

A Buleryan stove with a power of 7-9 kW and a water circuit can heat a small two-story building. You can assemble the stove yourself by adding a water circuit to the buleryan, plugging the heat exchangers and connecting it to the heating system.

Buleryan furnace in production

Burner for working off in a buleryan furnace
As one of the types of fuel, waste automobile and other oils (any automobile oil, frying oil, fuel oil) can be used, this significantly reduces the cost of the heating process. To do this, a pyrolysis burner is mounted to an ordinary classic ready-made Buleryan boiler or to a home-made heater.

pyrolysis burner for Buleryan stove

The consumption in this case is approximately 1.5-2.5 l/hour. The video attached under the article below describes in detail, in diagrams and drawings, the installation of the stove, how you can make such a Buleryan-type stove with your own hands.

Buleryan with hob

Buleryan boiler with a cooking surface
Buleryan boiler with a cooking surface is an undeniable solution. Installed in dachas, small country houses, in the garage. The outer surface of the heater heats up to high temperatures in a short time. You can also make this model of a Buleryan stove with your own hands by welding a sheet of metal with cut out circles on top of the pipe structure.

Buleryan with hob

How to do it yourself?

Before making a rocket stove, you need to decide on the location of its installation, the dimensions of the future structure, and make a diagram. The masonry technique itself is the most common; every novice builder can comprehend it.

The simplest design of a rocket stove can be built from 20 bricks on a dacha plot and used to heat food brought from home.

Selecting a location

At the beginning of construction, first of all, a location is selected. It is recommended to place rocket-type brick stoves closer to the front door. In this case, after cleaning, the ash will not need to be carried across the entire room, which will have a beneficial effect on the overall dustiness of the room.

It would also be nice if at the place where the pipe exits there are no rafter systems placed closer to the chimney than 40 cm. And yet, the stove should not be adjacent to the outer wall of the house, so that expensive heat does not go to heat supply to the street.

Preparation of the solution

Cement mortar will quickly crack under the influence of high temperatures, so for laying heating devices made of bricks, only a mortar consisting of clay and sand is used.

Their proportions are determined experimentally, depending on the quality of the clay. Very often in a ratio of 1:2 or 1:3, and the higher the fat content of the clay, the less it is added to the solution.

First of all, the clay must be soaked, strained, and then sand must be added. The resulting solution should be similar in consistency to thick sour cream. You can check its viscosity level in the following way:

• place a wooden stick or trowel handle into the mixture;
• pull out the tool and shake it off well;
• check the thickness of the adhering layer: if less than 2 mm add clay, more than 3 mm add sand.

The preparation of the mortar must be approached very seriously, since only an elastic mixture of the required thickness can fill all the unevenness of the bricks and ensure their strong adhesion.

Laying a rocket stove made of 20 bricks

Ordering a rocket stove for 20 bricks

Example of a brick rocket stove

Laying a rocket stove with a stove bench

A brick rocket stove, even equipped with a stove bench, is small in size. The order shown in the figures (below) allows you to assemble the structure without the use of metal products. Only the doors will be metal. Subsequently, the body can be coated with clay to give it a more rounded shape.

Compact camp stove made of profile pipe

We bring to your attention another option for a homemade rocket stove, which can be used both in the country and outdoors if you often travel by car.

Despite the fact that the principle of operation of this stove is the same as all previous options, it looks a little non-standard.

This is due to the fact that the author decided to modernize the classic rocket stove and make a more practical option.

The trick is that in addition to the hob, this design also has an additional compartment that can be used for baking various vegetables.

The first step is to decide on the dimensions of the rocket stove.

Then we cut off the blanks from the corrugated pipe. We weld the U-shaped cooking surface and clean the weld seams with a grinder.

The hob has two holes at the end. A firebox with a grate will need to be welded to one hole, and a piece of pipe on which the chimney will be installed to the other.

After this, we cut off sheet metal blanks and weld them between the walls of the hob - and in the end we get that same additional compartment for baking vegetables. To make the cooking process faster, you will need to make a lid.

We weld four nuts to the bottom of the rocket stove - the legs, which act as bolts, will be screwed into them.

The final touch is painting the finished product with heat-resistant paint.

You can see the step-by-step process of making this oven in the author's video. The idea belongs to the author of the YouTube channel mansoo lee.

Making oven stoves

What is a rocket stove: design options, diagrams and working principle

This original type of heating system is not familiar to ordinary developers. Many highly professional stove makers have also never encountered similar designs. This is not surprising, because the idea of ​​a rocket stove almost recently came to us from America and now enthusiasts are trying to bring it to the mass consciousness of citizens.

Due to the simplicity and low cost of design, thermal comfort and high efficiency, rocket stoves are awarded an individual publication, which we decided to dedicate to them.

Buleryan power calculation video

Buleryan stoves of four types of power, purposes and areas of application:

• Household with hob
• Buleryan household classic
• Industrial boiler Buleryan with power from 60 kW
• Buleryan stove with water circuit

Table for calculating the power of a Buleryan boiler
When choosing a boiler, it is necessary to take into account not just the area of ​​the room, but the cubic capacity - the height of the room is taken into account.

How does a rocket stove keep working?

Despite the deafening space name, this heating structure has nothing in common with rocket systems. The only external effect that gives a certain resemblance is a stream of flame that escapes from the vertical pipe of the camping version of the rocket stove.

The work of this center is based on two basic principles:

1. Direct combustion - free flow of fuel gases through the furnace channels without stimulation by the draft created by the chimney.
2. Afterburning of smoke gases released when wood ignites (pyrolysis).

The most primitive jet stove operates on the principle of direct combustion. Its design does not make it possible to achieve thermal decomposition of wood (pyrolysis). To do this, you need to make a powerful heat-accumulating coating of the outer casing and high-quality thermal insulation of the inner pipe.

Despite this, portable rocket stoves perform their functions perfectly. They are not asked to produce high power. The heat generated is absolutely sufficient for cooking and heating in the tent.

Features of the structure

To make a jet stove with your own hands, you do not need to have any special skills. Due to its compactness and ease of execution, it can be made in a few hours.

The basis of the design is two vertical chambers of different sizes, connected at the bottom by a common channel. The smaller container is called the combustion chamber. It is used first for ignition, then for burning wood.

The stove is usually heated using flammable materials such as wood shavings, wood chips, paper, and small dry twigs. Using special dampers in the lower compartment of the combustion chamber, you can regulate the traction force.

After the entire system, including the chimney and large chamber, has warmed up, the rocket stove will begin to perform its functions of heating the room. You can determine this moment by how the hum that arose at the beginning subsides.

The room is heated by a smoke duct that runs through the room or along its perimeter. The combustion products, having passed along the entire length of the pipe and given off heat into the room, come out cold. That is, thermal energy is retained to the maximum inside the heated room.

Rocket furnace designs

You should start getting acquainted with absolutely any design with its simpler versions. Thanks to this, we present a diagram of the operation of a mobile rocket stove (Fig. 1). It clearly shows that the firebox and firebox are reunited in one piece of steel pipe bent upward.

To stack firewood, a plate is welded to the bottom of the pipe, under which there is an air hole. Ash, which plays the role of insulation, helps to increase heat transfer in the cooking zone. It is poured into the lower part of the outer casing.

The secondary chamber (casing) can be made from an iron barrel, bucket, or an old gas cylinder.

In addition to metal, the simplest rocket stove can be built from several dozen bricks, even without the use of mortar. They make up a firebox and a vertical chamber. The dishes are placed on its walls in such a way that there is a gap under the bottom for the smoke gases to escape (Fig. 2).

An important requirement for the smooth operation of such a structure is a “warm pipe,” as stove makers say. In operation, this means that before laying firewood, the rocket stove must be warmed up in a matter of minutes, burning wood chips and paper in it. After the pipe is heated, the firewood is stacked in the firebox and set on fire, a powerful upward flow of hot gases appears in the stove channel.

The fuel stack in conventional rocket furnace designs is horizontal. This is not very convenient, because it sometimes forces you to push the wood into the firebox as it burns out. Due to this, in stationary systems, a vertical filling is used, and air is supplied from below through a special blower (Fig. 3).

After burning out, the firewood is lowered into the oven itself, saving the owner from manual feeding.

Key Dimensions

A visual representation of the combination of a stationary long-burning rocket stove is given by drawing No. 1.

Anyone who wants to build a stationary rocket stove, without being distracted by simplified variations, must know its key dimensions. All dimensions of this structure are tied to the diameter (D) of the cap (drum) covering the vertical part of the smoke pipe (riser). The second dimension needed for calculations is the cross-sectional area (S) of the cap.

Based on the two listed values, other dimensions of the furnace structure are calculated:

1. The height of the cap H can be from 1.5 to 2D.
2. The height of its clay coating is 2/3H.
3. The thickness of the coating is 1/3D.
4. The cross-sectional area of ​​the smoke pipe is 5-6% of the area of ​​the hood (S).
5. The size of the gap between the hood cover and the upper edge of the smoke pipe must not be less than 7 cm.
6. The length of the horizontal section of the smoke pipe must be equal to the height of the vertical section. Their cross-sectional areas are equal.
7. The area of ​​the ash pit should be 50% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the smoke pipe. To equip a stable operating mode for the furnace, experts advise making a fire channel from a square metal pipe with an aspect ratio of 1:2. She is laid flat.
8. The volume of the ash pan at the exit from the furnace into the outer horizontal smoke channel must be at least 5% of the volume of the hood (drum).
9. The external chimney must have a cross-sectional area of ​​1.5 to 2S.
10. The thickness of the insulating cushion made of adobe, which is made under the external chimney, is selected within the range of 50 to 70 mm.
11. The thickness of the adobe coating of the bench is selected equal to 0.25D (for a drum with a diameter of 600 mm) and 0.5D for a cap with a diameter of 300 mm.
12. The external smoke pipe must have a height of at least 4 meters.
13. The length of the gas duct in the stove depends on the diameter of the hood. If it is created from a 200-liter barrel (diameter 60 cm), then it is allowed to make a bed up to 6 meters long. If the cap is made from a gas cylinder (diameter 30 cm), then the bed should not be longer than 4 meters.

When building a stationary rocket furnace, it is necessary to pay special attention to the quality of the lining of the vertical section of the smoke pipe (riser). For this, fireclay bricks of the ShL brand (fireclay is not heavy) or washed river sand are used. In order to protect the lining from smoke gases, it is made in an iron shell, using old buckets or galvanized steel sheets.

Sand filling is done in layers. Any layer is compacted and lightly sprayed with water. After making 5-6 layers, they are given a week to dry. Thermal protection from fireclay is easier to perform, but the space between the outer shell and the brick will also have to be filled with sand so that there are no empty cavities (Fig. 4).

After the backfill has dried, the upper edge of the lining is coated with clay and only after that the process of installing the rocket furnace is continued.

Do-it-yourself rocket stove - drawings and manufacturing process: do it according to instructions, video

A do-it-yourself rocket stove, the drawings of which most home craftsmen would probably like to have in their archives, can, in principle, be made even within one day, since its design is not at all complicated. If you have the skills to work with tools, read blueprints, and have the necessary materials, then making a simple stove of this type will not be difficult. It should be noted that it can be made from a variety of materials that are at hand, but much will depend on where the stove is planned to be installed. The rocket stove has a slightly different operating principle from other heating devices, and can be either stationary or portable.

DIY rocket stove drawings

Stationary rocket stoves are installed inside the house along the walls or on a designated area for cooking in the courtyard of the house. If the stove is installed indoors, it can heat a room up to 50 square meters. m.

Stationary rocket stove with heated bench

Portable versions of the rocket stove are usually very small in size and can easily fit in the trunk of a car. Therefore, when going out, for example, to a picnic or to the dacha, such a stove will help you boil water and cook lunch. Moreover, the fuel consumption in the rocket stove is quite small; even dry branches, splinters or tufts of grass can be used as fuel.

The principle of operation of a rocket-type stove

Despite the simplicity of the rocket stove design, its design uses two operating principles that the developers borrowed from other types of solid fuel stoves. So, for its effective operation, the following principles are taken:

• The principle of free circulation of gases released from fuel through the created stove channels, without the forced creation of chimney draft.
• The principle of afterburning pyrolysis gases released during fuel combustion in the mode of insufficient oxygen supply.

In the simplest designs of rocket stoves, which are used only for cooking, only the first principle of operation can operate, since in them it is quite difficult to create the necessary conditions for the flow of pyrolysis and the organization of afterburning of gases.

To understand the designs and understand how they work, you need to consider some of them one by one.

The simplest design of a rocket stove

To begin with, it is worth considering the simplest design of a direct combustion rocket stove. As a rule, such devices are used only for heating water or for cooking, and exclusively outdoors. As can be seen from the figure below, these are two sections of pipe connected by a bend at a right angle.

The simplest design of a rocket stove

The firebox for this furnace design is the horizontal part of the pipe, and fuel is placed in it. Often the firebox has a vertical loading - in this case, three elements are used to make the simplest stove - these are two pipes of different heights, installed vertically and connected from below by a common horizontal channel. The lower pipe will serve as a firebox. To make a stationary version of the simplest design, a brick is often used, installed on a heat-resistant mortar.

The simplest rocket stove made of brick

To achieve higher efficiency, the furnace was improved, and additional elements appeared, for example, the pipe began to be installed in a housing, which increases the heating of the structure.

Diagram of a simple rocket stove with an insulated riser

1 – outer metal body of the furnace.

2 – pipe – combustion chamber.

3 – a channel formed by a jumper under the fuel chamber and intended for the free passage of air into the combustion area.

4 – the space between the pipe (riser) and the body, densely filled with a heat-insulating composition, for example, ash.

The furnace is heated as follows. A light combustible material, such as paper, is first placed in the firebox, and when it flares up, wood chips or other main fuel are thrown into the fire. As a result of the intense combustion process, hot gases are formed, rising through the vertical channel of the pipe and escaping outside. A container for boiling water or cooking food is installed on the open section of the pipe.

An important condition for the intensity of fuel combustion is the creation of a gap between the pipe and the installed container. If its hole is completely blocked, then combustion inside the structure will stop, since there will be no draft that supplies air to the combustion area and lifts the heated gases upward. To avoid problems with this, a removable or stationary stand for the container is installed on the upper edge of the pipe.

Stand for placing dishes

This diagram shows a simple design with a door installed on the loading opening. And to create draft, a special channel is provided, which is formed by the lower wall of the combustion chamber and a plate welded at a distance of 7÷10 mm from it. Even if the firebox door is completely closed, the air supply will not stop. In this scheme, the second principle is already beginning to work - without active access of oxygen to burning wood, the process of pyrolysis can begin, and the continuous supply of “secondary” air will contribute to the afterburning of the released gases. But for a full-fledged process, one more important condition is still missing - high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary combustion chamber, since the combustion process of gases requires certain temperature conditions.

The principle of operation of the simplest rocket stove

1 – air channel in the combustion chamber, through which air is blown when the firebox door is closed;

2 - zone of the most active heat exchange;

3 – upward flow of hot gases.

Video: a version of the simplest rocket stove from an old cylinder

Improved rocket furnace design

The rocket stove is quite amenable to improvements.
The design, intended for both cooking food and heating the room, is equipped not only with a combustion door and a second body, which serves as a good external heat exchanger, but also with an upper cooking surface. Such a rocket stove can already be installed inside the house, and the chimney pipe from it is led outside. After such a modernization of the furnace, its efficiency increases significantly, since the device acquires many useful properties:

• Due to the second outer casing and insulating heat-resistant materials that thermally insulate the main pipe of the furnace (riser), hermetically sealing the upper part of the structure, the heated air maintains a high temperature for much longer.

More advanced rocket furnace design

• A channel for supplying secondary air was installed in the lower part of the body, successfully providing the necessary air supply, for which an open firebox was used in the simplest design.
• The flue pipe in a closed design is not located at the top, as in a simple rocket stove, but at the lower rear part of the body. Thanks to this, the heated air does not go directly into the chimney, but is able to circulate through the internal channels of the device, heating, first of all, the hob, and then diverging inside the housing, ensuring its heating. In turn, the outer casing gives off heat to the air around it.

Diagram of the design and operation of an improved rocket stove (with recommended dimensions)
This diagram clearly shows the entire process of operation of the stove: in the fuel bunker (item 1) preliminary combustion of fuel (item 2) occurs in the mode of insufficient air supply “A” - this is regulated by a damper (pos. 3). The resulting hot pyrolysis gases enter the end of the horizontal fire channel (item 5), where they are burned. This process takes place thanks to good thermal insulation and the continuous supply of “secondary” air “B” through a specially designed channel (item 4).

Next, the hot air rushes into the internal pipe of the structure, called the riser (item 7), rises along it to the “ceiling” of the body, which is the hob (item 10), providing its high-temperature heating. Then the gas flow passes through the space between the riser and the outer drum housing (item 6), heating the housing for further heat exchange with the air in the room. Then the gases go down and only after that they go into the chimney pipe (pos. 11).

In order to achieve maximum heat transfer from the fuel and provide the necessary conditions for complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is important to maintain the highest and most stable temperature in the riser channel (item 7). To do this, the riser pipe is enclosed in another pipe of a larger diameter - the shell (item 8 ), and the space between them is tightly packed with a heat-resistant mineral composition (item 9), which will serve as thermal insulation (a kind of lining). For these purposes, for example, a mixture of kiln masonry clay with fireclay sand (in a 1:1 ratio) can be used. Some craftsmen prefer to simply fill this space very tightly with sifted sand.

Find out what kind of wood is best to burn the stove with, and also check out tips on selection and storage from our new article.

Increasing the efficiency of heat extraction in rocket stoves

To increase the efficiency of the rocket stove, other designs with more efficient heat extraction were developed, both for using the device outdoors and for indoor use - for heating rooms or heating water.

Stove-oven

For cooking or preparing food for the winter, stoves are made that are designed according to the principle described above, but have an extended cooking surface that allows you to install several containers at once.

In this model of a rocket stove, a vertical pipe with a top-loading firebox built into it, which has a door, is located under the cooking surface. Therefore, hot air heats it directly, and in order for the entire panel to be hot, heated gases, collecting under the panel, are directed into a horizontal channel passing under its entire surface and connected to a vertical section of the chimney.

Rocket stove - stove

Additionally, the structure is equipped with legs, which makes it stable and reliable. It should be noted that when such a stove is not used for its intended purpose, it can be used as an ordinary garden table.

In addition to this outdoor model, several types of structures have been developed for indoor use to effectively heat rooms or heat water.

Rocket stove with water circuit

A rocket furnace with a water circuit consists of the following elements:

Diagram of a rocket stove with a water heating circuit

• The stove is installed on a solid concrete base to avoid distortions and deformation of structures.
• The lower part of the structure, which includes the combustion chamber (item 2) and the fire channel, is laid out of fireclay bricks (item 1). The firebox has a vertical loading. At the bottom there is an ash pan (item 3) with a side door for regular cleaning of the stove from accumulated ash.

The lower part of the furnace, lined with fireclay bricks

• The vertical channel (riser) (item 4) is made of a steel pipe, which is covered with a thick layer of thermal insulation (item 5) and an outer metal casing.
• A heat exchanger assembly with a water jacket in the walls (pos. 6) and horizontal plates that create a kind of labyrinth (pos. 7) to ensure maximum heat exchange area and time is hermetically fixed on top of the outer casing.

Attempts are being made to install a water register in this location. However, as practice shows, this approach is impractical - the temperatures here due to the afterburning of pyrolysis gases are very high, and the pipe register has every chance of quickly burning out.

• Hot air, passing through the heat exchanger, bending around the metal plates, heats the entire massive block, and the metal gives off heat to the water circulating through the water jacket.
• Next, the cooled gas flow goes into the chimney pipe (pos. 8).
• Water circulation occurs through a heat accumulator (item 9), which may well be made from an old boiler or other closed container with valves for connecting cold and drawing hot water. The option of connecting a heating radiator is not excluded, although, in truth, such a stove is unlikely to justify itself in such a role.
• Hot water from the heat storage tank through a pipe connected to it (item 10) can be directed to water intake points for domestic needs.

Such a rocket stove is perfect for installation in a country house or in a private house, where it is possible to connect such a heat storage tank to an autonomous water supply system. The stove will help to significantly reduce the cost of heating water and heating, since this model does not require a large amount of solid fuel or connecting it to any additional energy sources.

Rocket stove with bench

Another way to effectively use a rocket stove is to equip a fairly massive structure with a heated bench. It should be noted that such a bed can take the form of a bed or sofa, successfully replacing these pieces of furniture, since by laying a mattress on its surface, you can comfortably settle down for a day or night rest. The bed can be made of brickwork or stones and clay mass.

A stove like this with a stove bench will not only heat the room, but also decorate it.

The design of this version of the rocket stove consists of the following components and elements:

• A lid-closable firebox with vertical fuel loading with a secondary air intake chamber located in its lower part.
• The furnace goes into a horizontally located fire channel, at the end of which the pyrolysis gas is burned.
• The hot gas flow rises through a vertical channel (riser) to the hermetically sealed “ceiling” of the housing, where it transfers part of the thermal energy to the horizontal plate - the hob. Then, under the pressure of hotter gases following, it diverges into heat exchange channels, giving off heat to the surfaces of the drum, and falls down.
• At the bottom of the stove there is an entrance to horizontal pipe channels that run under the entire surface of the stove bench. Moreover, in this space one, two or more turns of corrugated pipe can be laid in the form of a coil, through which hot air circulates, heating the stove bench. This heat exchange pipeline is connected at the end to a chimney pipe led outside through the wall of the house.

General diagram of a rocket stove with a heated bench

• It should be noted that if the bench is made of brick, the channels can also be laid out of this material, without the use of metal corrugated pipes.
• The heated stove and bench, releasing heat into the room, will themselves serve as a kind of “battery”, capable of heating an area of ​​up to 50 m².

The metal drum of the furnace can be made of a barrel, gas cylinder or other durable containers, and also made of brick. Usually the material is chosen by the craftsmen themselves according to their financial capabilities and ease of work.

A rocket stove with a brick bench looks neater and is somewhat easier to install than a clay version, but the cost of materials will be about the same.

Video: another original solution to increase the heating efficiency of a rocket furnace

We build a rocket stove with a stove bench out of brick

What is needed for the job?

The brick heating structure proposed for execution is designed on the principle of a rocket stove. The size of the structure with standard brick parameters (250 × 120 × 65 mm) will be 2540 × 1030 × 1620 mm.

Our task is to build such an original rocket stove with a warm bed out of brick

It should be noted that the design is divided into three parts:

• The oven itself – its size is 505×1620×580 mm;
• Firebox – 390×250×400 mm;
• Bed 1905×755×620 mm + 120 mm headrest.

To lay the stove you will need the following materials:

• Red brick – 435 pcs.;
• Blower door 140×140 mm – 1 pc.;
• Cleaning door 140×140 mm – 1 pc.;
• A fire door is desirable (250×120 mm - 1 piece), otherwise there is a risk of smoke in the room.
• Hob 505×580 mm – 1 pc.;
• Rear metal shelf panel 370×365 mm – 1 pc.;
• Asbestos sheet 2.5÷3 mm thick to create a gasket between metal elements and brick.
• Chimney pipe, 150 mm in diameter, with a 90˚ outlet.
• Clay and sand for mortar or a ready-made heat-resistant mixture. It should be noted here that for 100 bricks laid flat, with a joint width of 5 mm, 20 liters of mortar will be required.

The design of this rocket stove with vertical loading is quite simple, trouble-free and efficient in operation, but only if its masonry is done with high quality, in full accordance with the order.

If you have no experience as a mason or stove maker, but have a strong desire to install such a heating device yourself, you should play it safe and first lay the structure “dry”, without mortar. This process will help you figure out the location of the bricks in each row.

In addition, to ensure that the seams are the same width, it is recommended to prepare gauge wooden or plastic slats for masonry, which will be laid on the previous row before laying the next one. Once the solution has set, it will be easy to remove them.

Under the laying of such a stove it is necessary to have a flat and solid foundation. Despite the fact that the design is quite compact and its weight is not as great as, for example, a Russian stove, a floor laid with thin boards will not be suitable for its installation. In the case where the floor, although wooden, is very durable, before starting laying under the future stove, it is necessary to lay and secure a heat-resistant material, for example, asbestos 5 mm thick.

Order of a brick rocket stove with a stove bench:

In conclusion, I would like to especially note that the design of a rocket stove can be called one of the simplest and most accessible for self-production, compared to other heating devices. Therefore, if a similar goal has been set - to acquire a stove in the house, but there is clearly not enough experience in such work, then it is best to choose this option, since when building it, it is difficult to make a mistake in the configuration of its internal channels.

Pros and cons of rocket stoves

The main advantage of a properly constructed structure is omnivorousness. Such a stove can be heated with any type of solid fuel and wood waste. Moreover, the moisture of the tree does not play a special role here. If someone says that such a stove will work exclusively on perfectly dried firewood, then this means that serious mistakes were made during its construction.

The thermal output of a rocket stove, the basis of which is considered to be a barrel drum, is very impressive and can reach 18 kW. A stove made from a gas cylinder can develop a heating output of up to 10 kW. This is enough to heat a room with an area of ​​16-20 m2. We also note that the power adjustment of rocket furnaces is carried out solely by changing the volume of loaded fuel. It is unrealistic to change the heat output by supplying air. Blower adjustment is used exclusively to put the furnace into operation mode.

Because the amount of heat generated by a rocket stove is very large, it is not a sin to use it for these household needs, such as heating food (on the drum lid). But it is impossible to use such a fireplace to heat water used in a radiator heating system. Any introduction of coils and registers into the furnace structure negatively affects its operation, worsening or stopping the pyrolysis process.

Good advice: Before you start building a stationary jet stove, make a simplified camping metal or clay structure. This will help you practice key assembly techniques and gain hands-on experience.

The disadvantages of rocket stoves include the impossibility of using them in bathhouses and garages. Their design is designed for energy storage and long-term heating. Due to this, it cannot provide a lot of heat in a short period of time, as is needed in a steam room. For garages where fuels and lubricants are stored, an open flame stove is also a bad option.

Common models

In fact, there are different versions of the stove. One of the simplest products is a mobile model. This rocket stove is made from a profile pipe. Its operation saves time. At the same time, such a stove design consumes a small amount of fuel.

The mobile version of the stove is also compact in size. Specialists are able to produce such a structure in just a maximum of 3 hours.

Mobile versions of stoves called “Rocket” Source hitsad.ru

A distinctive feature of a simple unit is the movable lower part of the structure. It represents the bottom of the firebox. In other words, this is a grate. When it is mobile, it is easier to load fuel. The bottom of the combustion hopper, after being pulled out, can serve as a convenient stand for laying wood chips. In addition, such an element simplifies cleaning the stove. Thanks to its presence, it becomes more convenient to remove ash from the unit.

A metal rocket stove is made using a 150*150 mm profile pipe. Typically the wall thickness of this material is 3 mm. Additionally, craftsmen use a metal strip and a steel rod to make the grating.

On a note! A mobile oven made from a profile pipe is made to order or purchased ready-made from a specialized store.

Ready-made version of the stove Source prom.st
To create even the simplest stove, a drawing is always first developed. The work itself is being carried out in stages. During the manufacture of the structure, the master:

1. Cuts the prepared pipe into blanks. Their length corresponds to the dimensions in the drawing.
2. Makes markings on prepared workpieces. At the same time, a 45° cut is indicated on the edge of one of them.
3. The cut pieces are welded to form a structure that looks like a boot.

When a stove is made from a profile pipe, the craftsman makes 20 mm long cuts on top of the chimney. They are needed to further secure the cross-shaped stand made of metal strips. It will be used to place the container. The master also uses steel strips to make a retractable frame.

A lattice of rods is fixed to the created frame. This element of the required size can also be purchased ready-made. If it is made by a master, then usually the distance between the rods is 10 mm. Then the specialist attaches a stand to the vertical pipe.

A stove called “Rocket” with a stand on a chimney pipe Source ebayimg.com

After manufacturing, the oven must be checked for functionality. To do this, firewood is loaded into the structure. Then it melts. If the structure is functioning normally, then wait for it to cool completely. After this, it is painted with heat-resistant paint.

On a note! Usually the combustion chamber is equipped with a door. To make it easy to use, a handle is welded.

Metal stove "Robinson"

One of the functional and convenient options is a design called Robinson. This type of baking product is popular in the country. It is also often used for outdoor recreation. This option is also made to order or purchased ready-made.

The combustion bunker of the Robinson stove is created from sheet steel or profiled pipe measuring 150*100 mm. Metal plates, fittings, and nuts are also used in production. A piece of round steel pipe is also being prepared.

A distinctive feature of the Robinson design is the presence of a rectangular firebox with a blower and a round chimney Source ad-cd.net

This rocket furnace is made from a profile pipe and is made with a blower. This compartment is separated from the firebox using an element that is created from reinforcement sections. This is a grate. Typically its cell size is 10 mm. It is welded to the walls of the combustion compartment.

Important! The grate is fixed at a distance of 300 mm from the bottom of the profile pipe.

At the next stage, the master attaches the nuts. They are used in the structure for screwing the legs. Their presence allows us to make the most stable product possible.

Next, a piece of round pipe is cut at one end at an angle of 30°. Then it is attached to the manufactured combustion bunker. Then the connection point of the parts is marked. This allows you to cut the exact hole through which flue gases will escape from the firebox. Finally, the master welds two parts. In this case, the smoke exhaust pipe is located strictly in a vertical plane.

Assembled Robinson stoves Source wp.com

A stand for a container, for example a pan, is made of five plates. They are pre-bent and connected. The result is a stand on which you can steadily place a large enough container for heating water or preparing food. Finally, the stove made of corrugated pipe is equipped with 3 legs.

We assemble a rocket stove with our own hands

It won’t be difficult to assemble a camping and garden version of a jet stove. For this you do not have to buy masonry materials and prepare adobe for coating.

Several iron buckets, a stainless steel pipe for the fire channel and small crushed stone for backfilling - now we can say everything is needed to make a rocket stove with your own hands.

Step one is to cut a hole in the bottom bucket with metal scissors to allow the smoke pipe to pass through. It must be done at a similar height so that there is room under the pipe for gravel backfill.

The second step is to install a smoke pipe in the lower bucket, which consists of two elbows: a short loading one and a long one for the exit of gases.

Step 3 – cutting a hole in the bottom of the top bucket, which fits onto the bottom one. The head of the frying tube is inserted into it so that its cut is 3-4 cm above the bottom.

The fourth is to pour very small crushed stone into the bottom bucket to half its height. It is necessary for heat accumulation and thermal insulation of the fire channel.

The final step is making a stand for dishes. It can be welded from round reinforcement with a diameter of 8-10 mm.

A much complex, but at the same time reliable, powerful and excellent version of a rocket stove requires the use of a gas cylinder and a thick steel pipe with a cross-section with right angles.

The assembly diagram does not change. Gas removal here is organized from the side, and not from the top. To cook food, the part on top with the valve is cut off and a flat round plate 4-5 mm thick is welded in its place.

Improved variants of rocket stove design

The modernized design is a standard stove with a door on the combustion chamber. The presence of such a part with a handle allows you to conveniently regulate the heat generated. Usually the door is secured so that it opens upward.

Rocket stove structures with doors Source ct.yimg.com

A more advanced option is a design with a damper. It’s good if it moves in different directions - down, right, left. It is recommended to provide such an element when ordering a stove structure. Experts also advise making the firebox from metal 3-5 mm thick.

A square pipe stove is another design option. Basically, rolled products with a square cross-section are used for the manufacture of a vertical section. You can even place a hob on it, created from a wide metal plate. This design will allow you to prepare various dishes as conveniently as possible.

Stove "Antoshka"

This type of rocket stove design has a more complex design. The product is also a mobile option. Its craftsmen also make it from profile pipes. It usually has a square cross-section. Steel plates, rods, scarves and corners are also used in the work.

One of the options for the Antoshka stove Source pinimg.com

This rocket camp stove can even have an additional heated surface. It is located horizontally from the inclined firebox to the vertical pipe. You can place some container on it where water will be heated or a dish will be prepared. Thanks to its presence, the surrounding space will warm up faster.

When making an Antoshka stove, the craftsman first marks a vertical pipe. He makes cuts on it at an angle of 30°. Then a combustion chamber and a smaller blower are cut out of a square pipe. Then holes are cut in the upper and lower planes of the firebox. They are necessary for smoke removal and air intake.

Next, all three parts are connected into a single structure. While welding the blower to the firebox, a grate is also installed. It is made of metal rod. In this case, the rear walls of the firebox and ash pan are covered with metal plates. The vertical pipe is fastened using metal corners. They will strengthen the structure.

One of the possible schemes of the Antoshka stove with a horizontally located ash pan, a side handle for carrying and a stand made of steel plates on a vertical pipe Source noyabrsk.teplozhar.ru

At the next stage, supporting elements from a metal corner are welded. After all, the product must be sustainable. After this, the so-called horizontal hob is attached, if provided for by the design. Finally, 4 bent rods are welded onto the vertical smoke exhaust pipe. You will get a kind of stand for placing, for example, a pan.

What does it represent?

Most people think that a brick rocket stove with a stove bench has common lines with devices for space flight, and the wood burns at high speed, but in reality this, of course, is not the case. The design acquired its own name due to the fact that the unusual version of the iron stove, which consists of two welded iron pipes, vaguely resembles a child’s drawing of a rocket. Thanks to this, all kinship with cosmic devices converges on this fact. Make a stove with your own hands in less than 1 day.

In addition to the portable version, there is also a stationary type of design. Using a minimum of necessary equipment, you can create different brick stove options with a long burning time at home. This design is very often placed along the outer wall of a room and is capable of heating a room up to 50 m². Summer residents and private residents who prefer to relax in the clean air with their whole family set up rocket stoves on the street and prepare various dishes there.

Brick rocket stove structure

Reactive stoves are made not only from metal. They are also made from bricks. Complex designs even have a number of internal channels. The combustion products first pass through them and only then rise to the upper part of the furnace. The hob is also usually located here.

When building such a structure, there is no need to create additional air supply. The movement of combustion products is provided by the chimney. As its length increases, thrust increases.

A brick rocket stove is made using special blocks. They are selected taking into account the calorific value of the fuel that will be used in the design. If you decide to heat the stove using coal, then choose refractory bricks. It must be used to construct all parts of the rocket stove product. The reason for this is the high calorie content of such fuel.

On a note! When laying bricks, the master uses an aqueous solution to which clay and sand are added.

For laying a brick oven, an aqueous solution with the addition of clay and sand is used Source designbuybuild.co.uk

The procedure for creating a rocket brick kiln

Work on laying a stove structure always begins with choosing the location for its construction. The customer must also explain to the craftsman what size he wants the stove to be. Taking this data into account, the specialist will first develop a design diagram.

On a note! The rocket brick stove does not have a complex design. It can even be folded using just 21 bricks. This design is suitable for cooking or heating various dishes outdoors.

Selection of installation location

The stove structure is often created in the house. Experts advise building it as close to the front door as possible. This arrangement will allow you to conveniently throw ash out of the structure. You don’t have to move it around the room or even several rooms. Therefore, the likelihood of contamination of the living space will be reduced.

Experts also advise installing the chimney pipe in a place where there are no rafters. They must be located at least 400 mm from the chimney. In addition, the stove is erected without adjacent to the outer wall. This arrangement will reduce heat loss.

The rocket brick kiln is not placed close to the outer wall Source pinimg.com

Preparation of the solution

When laying the furnace structure, no cement mortar is used. Craftsmen are well aware that it cracks when it is exposed to high temperatures. It is for this reason that specialists always use a mixture of clay and sand with the addition of water.

The amount of each component in the solution depends on the quality of the clay component. For kneading, one portion of clay and two or three parts of sand are often used.

Important! Less clay is added to the solution if it has a high fat content.

The master carries out the kneading, adhering to strictly proven technology. First the clay is soaked. Then it is filtered. Only after this sand is added. Then the viscosity of the solution must be checked.

Clay is combined with sand only after it has been pre-soaked and filtered Source 1nerudnyi.ru

For these purposes, the master can use a wooden stick. It is first placed in the solution, then pulled out of it and shaken well. After this, the mixture should remain on the wooden stick. If its thickness is less than 2 mm, then clay is added to the solution. When mixtures are more than 3 mm, sand is used as an additive.

Experienced specialists know well that the reliability of the entire structure depends on the quality of the solution. An incorrectly prepared mixture will not allow the bricks to be firmly fixed. Moreover, it has to smooth out all the unevenness. Therefore, it must have the required thickness and elasticity.

What is the working principle?

The meaning of the functioning of a rocket stove is taken from other types of stoves and there are 2 options:

The design will work using the pyrolysis method.

• Natural gas and smoke circulation from within the system. A similar principle is used in a potbelly stove. Very often, such a stove design is suitable for people who plan to cook.
• Pyrolysis. The working principle of a rocket stove is based on the natural afterburning of unburned gas under conditions of limited oxygen supply to the combustion area. This option is not used for cooking, since it is impossible to create the necessary conditions, so it is considered an excellent option for home heating.

to come back to the beginning

Video description

How to lay a rocket stove structure made of 21 bricks is shown in the following video:

Installation of a rocket stove structure with a stove bench

A brick rocket stove, which is complemented by a heated bench, is one of the practical design options. Although it takes more time to create. After all, it is a massive structure, which is actually a combined option.

On a note! The bed of the stove design can be made in the form of a sofa or bed. They often place a mattress on a heated place and rest during the day or at night.

The process of manufacturing a rocket stove structure with a stove bench is performed as follows:

• Create a 100 mm recess so that the firebox can be installed. In the process of this work, fireclay bricks are used. The base is laid out of it.
• The formwork is installed strictly along the perimeter of the furnace structure. At the same stage, reinforcement or mesh is laid on the brick base.
• Fill the structure with solution.
• Wait until the concrete base dries. It cures within 24 hours.
• Lay out a brick base.

Concrete stove base with a recess for the fuel compartment Source kuhnidizayn.ru

• The walls are formed by installing several rows of bricks.
• A lower missile channel is created.
• Lay bricks across the lower channel. In this case, the firebox compartment and the smoke exhaust hole are left unblocked. Only the combustion chamber is covered with bricks.
• They take the body from an old cylindrical boiler, which is cut off on both sides. This allows you to get a large diameter pipe.
• Attach the flange to the bottom of the old housing. It is needed for installing a pipe of a horizontally located heat exchanger. All connections are made by welding.
• The outlet pipe is welded to the boiler body.
• The cylindrical structure is treated with a primer, and then several layers of heat-resistant paint are applied to it.
• Weld a branch on the side of a horizontal chimney. It will be used to create the ash pit.
• Lay out the brick flame tube strictly vertically. Its size is 180*180 mm.

Lined vertical smoke exhaust duct Source stroyfora.ru

• Place the casing on the lined brick pipe.
• Perlite balls are placed in the space between the flame tube and the casing.
• Cover the lower part of the flame tube with a clay solution to prevent the heat-insulating material from spilling out.
• The firebox cover is made from the cut-off boiler part.
• A solution is prepared from a clay mixture and sawdust, the amount of which can reach 50%.
• Coat the previously created structure with the resulting mixture.
• The outer contour of the stove is formed from bricks.

On a note! When giving the stove structure the desired shape, you can use bags of crushed stone. They are laid out in the required sequence, then coated with adobe mixture. This is a clay solution with the addition of sawdust.

• Place a 200-liter barrel on the prepared base, the lower pipe of which should be directed towards the bench. This will be the outer casing of the furnace.
• A corrugated channel is formed. Street air will be supplied through it. The channel is laid to the firebox. Thanks to its presence, the stove will use air from the street, and not from the room, to burn wood.

Corrugated pipe to form a channel through which street air will be supplied to the firebox Source sod-98.ru

• The functionality of the stove structure is checked by lighting it.
• Connect the pipe on the brick base to the heat exchanger pipelines in the stove bench.
• The bed is shaped in the same way as when shaping the appearance of the main body.

Formed stove rocket structure with a stove bench Source pinimg.com

What are they made from?

The material in order to build a rocket-type furnace is selected and used depending on the type of structure. If we are talking about the simplest camp stove needed for heating liquids or cooking food, then the base is laid from 2 pieces of pipe, fastened with a partition at an angle of 90 degrees. The combustion chamber is intended exclusively for the horizontal part. A metal plate is welded to the lower area of ​​the structure, the bottom of which has a hole for additional air suction.

An alternative to a potbelly stove or the rest of a steel structure is a rocket stove made of 20 bricks, which can be installed anywhere in 5 minutes. Any materials are suitable for a combustion chamber of such a structure. A home-made stationary rocket stove for the home is made of brick laid on a fire-resistant clay mortar to enhance the heating of the entire structure. Similar brick structures are additionally equipped with a chimney, the size of which is determined according to the area of ​​the room according to the drawing and construction plan.

A rocket stove with a hydraulic circuit has its own construction specifics; it is especially good in houses in which it is not possible to supply hot water by other means.

Manufacturing recommendations

The easiest way is to make a small portable stove with your own hands - the Robinson rocket, whose drawing is presented below. You will need cutting profile pipes, metal for legs and stands, as well as welding skills. Moreover, compliance with the exact dimensions indicated in the drawing is not necessary. You can take pipes of a different section, but you just need to reduce or increase them proportionally so that the parts fit together.

Drawing of an improved “Robinson” camping stove with nozzles made of a profile pipe, cut lengthwise into 2 parts

Note. Please note that the drawing shows a design improved by our expert Vitaly Dashko. As befits a rocket, improvised nozzles are attached to it, which receives secondary air for afterburning, which enters the pipe through a series of holes. Due to this modernization, the combustion intensity increases noticeably. For more information about the operation of a compact wood stove, watch the video:

The most common versions of large rocket stoves are made from a gas cylinder or a two-hundred-liter metal barrel. You must understand that these ready-made elements are used as an outer hood, and the internal parts of the stove must be made from pipes of smaller diameter or laid out from fireclay bricks. Moreover, from a cylinder you can make both a stationary heater with a small bench, and a unit that can be moved.

Please note that calculating the thermal power of a rocket-type furnace is quite difficult; there is no single calculation method. It’s easier to rely on ready-made drawings of already working samples and assemble according to them. You just need to compare the dimensions of the future stove with the dimensions of the heated room. For example, to heat a small room, the size of a cylinder is enough; in other cases, it is better to take a large barrel. The selection of internal parts for them is shown in the diagram:

2 options for potbelly stoves - from a gas cylinder and a standard iron barrel

Stove rocket from a cylinder

In addition to the gas cylinder itself, to assemble the stove you will need:

• profile pipe 150 x 150 mm for the firebox and loading hopper;
• steel pipes with a diameter of 70 and 150 mm will go to the internal vertical channel;
• the same with a diameter of 100 mm for the chimney;
• insulation (basalt fiber with a density of at least 100 kg/m³);
• sheet metal 3 mm thick.

For a master skilled in welding, this work will not be particularly difficult. The top of the cylinder should be cut off along the seam, after first unscrewing the valve and filling it to the top with water. Openings are cut on both sides for installing a firebox and inserting a chimney. A profile pipe is inserted and connected to a vertical channel, which is discharged through the bottom of the cylinder. Further work on the manufacture of the rocket furnace is carried out in accordance with the drawing:

At the end, the upper part must be welded into place, then carefully check all seams for permeability so that air does not flow uncontrollably into the oven. After this, you can attach a chimney with a water jacket (if available) and begin testing.

Important. To create sufficient draft, the top of the pipe must be raised above the level of the firebox to a height of 4 m.

Masonry of a rocket-type heater made of bricks

This stove option will require the purchase of fireclay bricks; ordinary ceramic bricks will not work for a rocket stove. The masonry is done using fireclay clay mortar; it is also sold as a ready-made building mixture. How to make a stationary rocket stove:

1. First you need to dig a hole, compact the bottom and pour a foundation measuring 1200 x 400 mm and 100 mm high, as shown in the photo.

2. After hardening, the foundation is covered with a sheet of basalt cardboard and the combustion chamber, a bunker for loading firewood and a vertical channel are laid. A door is installed at the end of the combustion chamber to clean the ash pan.
3. After the clay has dried, the pit is filled up, and a pre-selected pipe or small barrel with a diameter of 450 mm is placed on the vertical channel. The gap between the brickwork and the pipe walls is filled with fire-resistant insulation, for example, basalt wool, expanded clay, vermiculite.
4. At the last stage, a cap made of a large metal barrel with a diameter of 600 mm is put on the structure. First, a cutout is made in its upper part and a pipe is installed to connect the chimney. When the barrel turns over, he will be at the bottom.

Then it’s a matter of technology; you can take the chimney directly outside or build another bench with smoke circulation. For this purpose, ordinary ceramic bricks and clay-sand mortar will do. The order of the brickwork of a rocket stove with a small bench is shown in detail in the video:

Stages of construction of brick rocket furnaces

Preparatory work

To improve rocket-type heating brick structures, the first thing that needs to be done is to carefully study the construction drawings and diagrams and approve the dimensions of the surfaces. Ordinary red brick is not suitable for the job; it is better to install such furnaces with fireclay material that is resistant to high temperatures. At the preparatory step, a pit up to 50 cm deep is dug in the floor. This is done in order to eliminate the risk of raising the overall horizontal level of the chimney. A steel barrel is used as a hood, which is pre-coated with heat-resistant paint, but after the flange for the smoke exhaust is attached. Related materials:

• red brick, fireclay;
• blower and cleaning flap;
• hob;
• fire door;
• iron shelf panel for decorating the rear;
• asbestos sheet;
• chimney pipe;
• clay;
• sand;
• water.

to come back to the beginning

Foundation laying

After the preparation activities, they move on to the second stage. The foundation laying process consists of the following situations:

For the foundation of the building it is necessary to perform formwork.

1. The formwork for the base of the structure is formed.
2. Taking into account the calculation of the location for the combustion chamber, several bricks are laid in the soil.
3. The bottom of the base is covered with steel reinforcement.
4. A row of bricks is laid along the perimeter around the combustion chamber at one level.
5. The entire surface is filled with concrete.

to come back to the beginning

Furnace structure

As soon as the key foundation mortar dries, start laying:

• The first tier of the filling is built upward, and a hole for the combustion chamber is thoughtfully left.
• The second stage involves the formation of the lower furnace canal.
• The 3rd step of the brick ordering involves overlapping the row so that there are openings for the combustion chamber and the vertical channel of the boiler.
• The fourth step involves preparatory preparations for creating a channel. To do this, you will need a barrel in which a flange is placed for subsequent smoke exhaust and a 150-liter boiler. It would be a good idea to worry about installing a tee in order to have a chance to clean the chimney in the future.
• The ascending area is laid according to the “boot” method, with the diameter of the internal section being 18 cm.
• The free space between the walls is filled with perlite sand, and a cut of the water heater is placed on the ascending section.
• The casing is treated with a clay solution, and the base of the furnace is lined with several bags of sand.
• The installation of the chimney begins, a metal barrel is placed in the part on top of the rising pipe.
• You can create a test run.

to come back to the beginning

Exhausting the chimney

After laying the foundation, the homemade product asks for a chimney to be installed. The smoke pipe is lined with several bags filled with sand, after which expanded clay concrete is poured inside. Using fireclay clay, the base of the chimney is given the required shape. Since a long-burning rocket stove requires sufficient volumes of oxygen for proper operation, you need to make an air channel from the street part. At the last stage, a barbecue is placed in the area of ​​the neck of the fireplace and closed with a lid. All visible seams are carefully sealed with clay mortar.

Advantages and disadvantages

The operation of a rocket furnace has a number of positive and negative factors:

Robinson oven

Convenient and functional, the Robinson Rocket Stove is an excellent option for use on a hike or in the country. It is also not difficult to make it using drawings and diagrams. With your own hands you can easily create a unit that will be very similar to the factory one.

Robinson oven

Materials

To make a high-quality heating product on your own, you will need to purchase the following materials:

• Steel sheet (for making the body of the combustion bunker measuring 15 cm × 10 cm × 30 cm) – 1 piece, thickness 3 mm.
• Plates made of high-quality steel (at least 3 mm), the material parameters are 30 cm × 15 cm - you will need to take 2 of them.
• Strong steel plates with dimensions of 10 cm × 30 cm - according to the classic version of the project, 2 pieces will be required.
• Plates, also made of good steel, 10cm×15cm – 1 piece.
• Metal plate parameters: 15cm×20cm×3mm – 1 piece (for making a blower).
• Pipe with a diameter of 10 cm (height 60 cm) – 1 piece (metal).
• Sections from reinforcement with a diameter of 7 or 8 mm - 1.2 meters (required for the manufacture of the grate).
• Rings with a diameter of at least 3 cm – 3 pcs.
• Vertical riser (10 cm) – 1 pc.
• Ring with a diameter of 11 cm – 1 pc.
• Nuts (part value d13 is selected) – 3 pieces.
• A piece of steel pipe with thread - you need 3 of them for work.

Tools

To carry out all the necessary work you will need, as in the previous version:

• Bulgarian.
• Welding.
• Marker.
• Metal scissors.

You should also have safety glasses and gloves.

Drawing

The Robinson camp stove is assembled with your own hands according to the following drawing:

Drawing of the Robinson stove

Step-by-step instruction

All basic work will require accuracy and attention, but will not take much time - about 3 hours with preparation. Basic actions involve the following steps:

• Preparing a plate that will separate the firebox from the ashpit in the finished structure - you will need to weld pieces of reinforcement to it (a distance of 1 cm from each element) - the result will be a grate.
• For convenience, a grate is attached to the plate available among the materials for manufacturing, after which, using a welding machine, you need to securely attach the resulting element to the side and rear walls of the future firebox. Feature of the work: before starting welding, you need to step back 30 cm from the bottom along the edge.
• The next step of the work is welding the corner elements of the connections of the rear and side walls of the combustion chamber.
• Then the bottom of the chamber is welded.

After these steps, you should move on to the final steps. Here actions such as attaching nuts are performed, which are necessary for the stove to stand stably. Next, if desired, legs are attached to them. Then the steps are:

• The firebox cover, if provided for by the selected drawing option, is attached to the body (welding is used).
• The next stage is marking the pipe (for this purpose you will need to use a bright metal marker).
• Then a cut is made at an angle of 300 (the outline is a regular oval).
• Each of the required pipes from the set of materials must be placed with an oval-shaped hole exactly in the middle of the roof of the structure.
• You will need to circle the pipe (with a marker).
• The resulting drawing is needed in order to cut a hole along its contour (the work is carried out using welding, the voltage may need to be increased).
• Then a pipe is welded into the resulting hole; it must be positioned vertically according to the diagram.

Additionally, it is recommended that you put a stand on the pipe and then secure it (for a container/pot with food or water).

At the end, the legs are attached (optional), and the first test run is carried out (with a minimum of solid fuel element). If you want to paint the structure, then before doing this you need to completely cool the entire structure.

Ready-made homemade Robinson stove

Design improvement

A convenient DIY camp stove, Robinson, assembled according to the diagram, can be improved.

The first thing you can do is to weld a door with a handle to the main structure in order to be able to control the amount of heat generated or the amount of firewood in the firebox. It will open not to the side, but upward.

The best option is to manufacture a damper that will open in several positions:

• down or left;
• then to the right.

Such a damper must be installed in the corners welded in advance to the walls; the dimensions are chosen 1X1 cm or, as an option for an increase -1.5 cmX1.5 cm.

Additional ways to improve the Robinson stove are to increase the thickness of the steel for the combustion chamber from 3 to 5 mm .

For an area where labor runs vertically, you can use a square rather than an oval hole.

The stand and legs can be created from various materials, using the most convenient options.

The last thing you can do is weld a wide metal plate to the firebox or attach metal corners to the pipe to place a water container on them. This will create a rocket stove with a hob.

Rocket stove with hob

Advantages and disadvantages of pyrolysis furnaces

Nothing in this world is perfect, so even long-burning wood stoves are not without their drawbacks. The main ones are the following:

• The price of modern high-tech long-burning pyrolysis furnaces with good efficiency indicators will be quite high. However, you can save a lot of money by designing a heating device yourself.
• Pyrolysis boilers of industrial production often require additional uninterrupted power supply to their auxiliary units: air injection systems (combustion chamber pressurization), water heating circuit pumps, sensors, etc.
• Long-burning stoves are more finicky in terms of moisture requirements for wood logs. Insufficiently dried firewood placed in the firebox of a pyrolysis boiler can easily go out, stopping the operation of the entire heating system.
• Compared to gas (electric) boilers, boilers or water heaters, long-burning stoves are significantly larger in size and also require additional free space for storing firewood.
• You will have to add fuel to the pyrolysis boiler manually; this operation cannot be fully automated 100%.
• A more complex water circuit design compared to other types of heating installations. The fact is that too supercooled coolant, returning from the batteries to the boiler heat exchanger, can interrupt the smoldering of the wood and extinguish the firebox. To avoid such a situation, you have to install an additional pipe (the so-called “bypass”), which allows you to mix already heated water with cold water. Naturally, as the complexity of the heating circuit design increases, the total cost of the entire device also increases.

At first glance, the list of disadvantages of long-burning wood stoves seems very impressive. And many people have a logical question: why is this type of stove so popular and in such good demand? The answer is simple and obvious: all the disadvantages of a pyrolysis installation are more than compensated by the advantages that the owner of such a device receives:

Fuel energy is used almost 100%. All loaded firewood will burn to the ground, completely transferring its heat to the heated room. High-quality industrial-made long-burning stoves have fantastic efficiency indicators, up to 90 percent. For greater clarity, we provide a table below that compares the operating efficiency of different types of boilers.

Comparison of fuel efficiency indicators in different types of boilers

• Long-burning wood stoves are convenient and easy to maintain, and produce almost no waste. There is nothing left of the firewood except a handful of ash.
• Environmental friendliness of the heating system. With full pyrolysis combustion, only water vapor and carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere. During operation of a high-quality pyrolysis oven, you will not feel any extraneous unpleasant odors, compared to a conventional oven. This is explained by the fact that the source of such aromas are unburnt complex organic compounds. In a long-burning furnace, fuel oxidation occurs 100%, so it can easily be heated even with industrial waste.
• One “filling” of logs is enough for 10-15 (and sometimes more) hours of continuous operation. No ordinary wood stove can burn for that long.
• The heating system based on a pyrolysis boiler very quickly warms up the house and enters operating mode.
• The power of a heating device using the pyrolysis effect can be easily and smoothly adjusted, just like a gas or electric one. Unlike conventional solid fuel installations, in a long-burning furnace the main heat is generated by gas burned in a separate chamber. Accordingly, by controlling the level of oxygen supply to the firebox, we can easily change the heat release of the entire system.

Principle of operation

An ordinary fire does not ensure rational use of fuel resources. A significant part of the energy is uselessly evaporated into the surrounding space. There are no convection processes or heat storage. Precise regulation of the combustion process is impossible. The access of oxygen is not limited in any way.

With the use of a chimney and a closed working area, the noted disadvantages are eliminated. However, a jet stove is more efficient than a standard stove. The main difference is the chimney located inside the main structure. An increase in the path of gas escape is accompanied by a gradual decrease in temperature in different areas (example, values ​​are given in C°):

• central shaft (riser): 700-1100;
• gap between walls: 250-380;
• area under the bed: 30-90.

Improved Draft in Jet Stove Design
The drawings show design features that provide sufficient draft while increasing the length of the smoke exhaust path. Another advantage is the high-temperature decomposition of organic matter with a limited supply of oxygen (pyrolysis).

If a do-it-yourself rocket stove is created correctly, favorable conditions are provided for the formation of low molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds. Heating devices of this type can provide an efficiency of more than 90%. Similar solutions are used in the design of household boilers using long-burning solid fuel.

How to upgrade a long-burning stove yourself

To make a homemade stove less of a hassle, it can be improved.

Modernization of the Bubafonya stove

The weight of the Bubafonya stove structure usually reaches 150–170 kg. This creates inconvenience, since it must be turned over to clean it from ash and other combustion residues. To avoid this, you can improve the design by making holes in it with doors. However, it should be taken into account that the peculiarity of such a stove is precisely the absence of extra cracks through which air can penetrate. Therefore, when manufacturing doors, they will need to be carefully sealed in the closed position. This can be achieved by welding metal sides and seals to the body.

Air draft in the combustion chamber will be improved if the number and shape of the ribs on the round piston plate of the structure are changed. To do this, instead of channel sections, you need to weld steel plates. At the same time, they should have a slight bend along the entire length of the part. This shape will allow the incoming air to swirl, which will be evenly distributed in the combustion chamber. To obtain the desired effect, 6 to 8 plates are enough.

Curved ribs on the piston help improve traction

Modernization of a brick kiln

A long-burning stove made of brick will take up much less space if its design resembles the shape of a triangle and is placed in the corner of the room. The construction of such a structure will require less building material and, accordingly, less financial investment.

The brick version of the long-burning stove can be upgraded with a separate damper to switch between winter and summer heating modes. In the autumn-spring period, when there is no frost, but the air is saturated with dampness, this damper will help prevent the heating from being too hot.

An additional damper will make heating more comfortable

How to make a rocket stove with your own hands

It has several stages - choosing a suitable design; selection of materials and tools; direct production.

Project selection

When choosing a suitable project, consider the following factors:

1. The purpose of the stove is whether it requires only cooking food or also heating the room.
2. Available materials.
3. Approximate power. It depends on how many servings of food or how much room the device will be enough for.

Materials

For a brick structure you will need:

• fireclay (fireproof) brick;
• fireproof mixture for masonry;
• concrete mortar (for the base);
• mineral wool;
• asbestos;
• a whole barrel or an empty gas cylinder for the cap (optional);
• stove doors - combustion chamber and ash pan;
• if the cap is brick - a thick sheet of stainless steel according to the size of its cross-section.

For finishing the stove the following are used:

• fireproof paint;
• clay;
• stones;
• and so on.

For metal, take:

1. A round metal pipe with a diameter of about 150 mm and a length of no more than 90 mm (preferably about 60 mm).
2. A profiled (rectangular) pipe with a cross-section of 100-120 mm and a length of about a third round.
3. Instead of a rectangular pipe, you can take a sheet of steel 3 mm thick.
4. 3 nuts.
5. Steel rods, plates or long bolts for legs.

Reference. For better traction, take a profiled pipe with a side no larger than the round diameter.

Preparing tools

For production you will need:

• Master OK;
• level;
• welding machine;
• bayonet shovel;
• metal brush;
• level;
• Bulgarian.

Manufacturing, device sizes

There are many variations on this theme. Let's consider the manufacture of two fundamentally different types of reactive stoves. This is a brick stove with a stove bench, which is used indoors, and a camp stove, assembled from metal. If necessary, changes are made, combinations of methods are possible (for example, a heating and cooking device, but made of pipes covered with clay or stones).

How to make a brick oven with a stove bench

The first stage is the construction of the foundation. A rectangular recess is dug under it, which is then filled with concrete.

For strength, it is better to pre-install the reinforcement. The base must be strictly horizontal.

After the concrete mortar has hardened, laying of bricks begins. External walls are located along the perimeter of the concrete platform. A combustion chamber is formed. On one side of it there is a combustion chamber with a hole for loading firewood. On the other side there are air ducts.

Important! Each row of bricks is also checked with a level. This is done in both planes - horizontal and vertical

A hole is also left in the combustion chamber for cleaning ash, which is closed with a door.

When this chamber is ready, a metal barrel is put on it. The gaps are filled with insulation, for example, mineral wool

A hole is also left in the combustion chamber for cleaning ash, which is closed with a door. When this chamber is ready, a metal barrel is put on it. The gaps are filled with insulation, for example, mineral wool.

If the barrel is not in use, a stove for cooking is installed on top. Asbestos insulation is placed under it.

The chimney is connected to the air duct and discharged to the street.

Then the finished device is decorated. For example, it is coated with clay and covered with paint. Another option is to leave the brickwork.

Jet stove for camping

It consists of two compartments connected to each other. To assemble it, first cut the pipes at an angle of 45°. If you took a metal sheet instead of the second pipe, cut it into the following parts:

• two with sides 300 mm and 150 mm;
• two - 300 mm and 100 mm;
• and one 150 and 100 mm.

Photo 3. Ready-made jet stove for hiking. The device is made of metal pipes.

Then weld them together. You will also need another plate to separate the fuel compartment, its dimensions are 200 mm and 100 mm.

All fragments are welded together in accordance with the diagram. The round pipe is attached to the bottom of the rectangular pipe and in the middle relative to the sides.

A grate is welded from scraps of reinforcement. It is convenient to make it retractable in order to lay firewood and then slide it inside the firebox.

4 rings are sawn off from the pipe. They are attached to the top so that the dishes do not block the draft hole.

In the collapsible version, legs are installed. Nuts are welded from below, into which long bolts are then screwed. There is another way. Rods or scraps of steel sheet are welded to the bottom. It is less convenient to transport, but there is no need for assembly.

When the structure is ready, it needs to be painted. Only fireproof paint is used. This will protect against corrosion and also cover solder marks.

Homemade design

If you have no experience, you can choose a simplified design of several bricks and a bent pipe. If you have the skills to operate a welding machine, create a furnace from a square profile and sheet metal.

Furnace drawing and dimensions

The presented option can be adjusted taking into account the volume of the room, other personal requirements and preferences. The developers recommend setting the diameter of the riser channel in the range from 65 to 105 mm. The dimensions of the shell are changed accordingly.

Drawing with explanations for assembly

To accumulate thermal energy, adobe was chosen. This material is not heat resistant, so the temperature must be reduced to a safe level. Additional recommendations:

• the drum can be made from a standard 50-liter cylinder;
• provide perfect sealing of the smoke exhaust system to prevent soot from penetrating into the porous adobe;
• To remove residual mechanical impurities, a second ash pan is installed.

Step-by-step instruction

Homemade rocket wood stove
You can create a wood-burning rocket stove with your own hands using the following algorithm:

1. To produce a mixture of the main heat-insulating layer (5b), crushed stone from chamotte brand ShL is used.
2. The support frame for the stove is assembled from wooden logs (100 x 100) with cells no more than 600 mm; the distance under the deck can be increased.
3. Mineral cardboard and tongue and groove boards are used for cladding.
4. Wooden blanks are pre-treated with impregnation with biocidal additives.
5. The area under the main part of the structure is covered with a metal sheet.
6. After placing the structure at the planned location, formwork is installed and adobe is poured.
7. A drum is made from a gas cylinder of suitable size.
8. To create reliable welded joints, electrodes with a diameter of 2 mm and a direct current of 60-70A are used.
9. The sealing seal is made from asbestos cord and fixed with heat-resistant glue.
10. A riser is assembled from prepared steel blanks.
11. A bottom layer of insulation is installed; plywood (20 mm) or boards are used for formwork.
12. Filling with construction mixture is carried out to level B according to the drawing. It takes 1-2 days for this part to dry completely at room temperature.
13. Install the firebox, controlling the accuracy of the vertical position.
14. Part of the blower will protrude outward, so at the final stage the wall is leveled with adobe.
15. After filling with the mixture to level G, it is recommended to speed up drying with a regular incandescent light bulb with a power of 60-75 W (placed under the riser).
16. An ash pan made from a steel sheet 0.8-1 mm thick is installed.
17. The drum tube is mounted, forming a wedge-shaped slope towards the outlet in the inner part (with mixture 5b).
18. A lining is created with layer-by-layer filling (5g), the plug is made of clay.
19. Continue assembly according to the diagram, install the corrugation, drum covers and ash pan.
20. After drying is complete (2-25 weeks), the formwork is removed, the surface is formed, and visible metal parts are painted.

Explanations for the composition of building mixtures (5):

• a – adobe made of clay and straw, the consistency of thick dough;
• b – medium-fat clay with chamotte crushed stone;
• c – fireclay sand with clay in proportions of one to one;
• d – river sand without washing with a fixed granule size (2.5-3 mm);
• e – oven clay of medium fat content.

They purchase in advance the tools and consumables necessary to perform work operations. The purchase list is compiled on the basis of the prepared project documentation.

Operating rules

A homemade long-burning boiler, Buleryan, has a simple structure, but to achieve better results in terms of efficiency and long service life, you must adhere to some simple rules:

1. Only dry fuel is used for combustion: briquettes, pellets, firewood, wood chips, etc.
2. After operating the stove, the ash should not be completely removed each time; its layer protects the bottom from burning.
3. Do not use wet firewood; plaque forms on the walls of the boiler and chimney, which reduces the efficiency indicator.
4. To achieve maximum efficiency indicators, you need to close the damper throttle and the blower door to enhance the convection process.