Tuning a Moskvich as a phrase can shock many; basically, there will be thoughts like “no matter how much you dress up a donkey, it still won’t become a horse.” But for many, tuning is a hobby or an activity that pleases the soul, besides this, the Moskvich 412 is a legendary car and simple in design, it can be very interesting to tune. For those who do tuning Moskvich 412 , there are many opportunities to make a truly interesting specimen out of the car.
What is good about Moskvich 412 for tuning?
Moskvich 412 is known for the fact that it has a special engine, which showed itself well during races in the USSR. A car with this engine at one time set records, participated in rallies and took first places. The engine has 8 valves, which was a lot at that time.
But today the power characteristics of the Moskvich 412 do not correspond to technical progress, and this is understandable, so the engine, and the whole car, simply needs restyling. Even back in 1976, the first tuning of the Moskvich 412 was done by British masters, after which the car received 148 hp. With. power.
To do this, it was necessary to modernize the cylinder head, change the shape of the gas distribution and make other modifications to the engine.
Scheme for creating a walk-behind tractor
A homemade walk-behind tractor from a ZAZ gearbox consists of 2 wheels, is self-propelled, and is assembled with an engine that has forced cooling of the cylinder head. It is carried out using air. The motor must be selected so that it can operate at different speeds, including low speeds, and be capable of performing large volumes of work. You can install a motor from a scooter and remove other elements from it:
- control cables;
- engine mounts;
- handles;
- chains;
- arc, frame.
The brakes on the walk-behind tractor are used both factory-made and our own. Homemade brakes will allow you to take into account the necessary parameters and loads.
Having everything you need at hand, you can make a homemade mini-cultivator at home quickly and without any problems. A walk-behind tractor based on the ZAZ gearbox is created as follows:
- A U-shaped frame is made from pipes.
- You need to turn the wheel axle on a lathe.
- Make 3 homemade hinges that are installed on the front and control rods. This approach to assembly was used by designer Arkhipov when he made his walk-behind tractor. Hinges were used to connect the cultivator, steering wheel and plow.
- Weld a steel pipe onto the frame of the car, on which there should be an axle. It is needed to carry out the tension that is transmitted to the gearbox. In order for such tension to be constantly present, it is necessary to make a rocker arm.
- Weld the gear shift knob. A small piece of steel pipe is suitable for these purposes.
- The chassis can have chain pitches of 12.7 and 15.9 mm. The sprockets on the chain have the following characteristics: output shaft - 11 mm, secondary shaft - 60 and 20 mm, running axle - 20 mm.
The main stages of manufacturing a walk-behind tractor:
- The frame is welded, on which the engine must then be installed, 2 pipes in the form of an arc.
- The fuel tank is attached between them.
- We assemble the motor using a bracket, which is also welded to the frame.
- You need to attach a motor with suspension to the axle, and then all the parts are connected to the frame arches.
- The secondary shaft is mounted.
- Control cables are being pulled.
- The chains are stretched.
Improving the driving performance of Moskvich
To make Moskvich drive better, it makes sense to change the camshaft. Next, to increase power, you need to install 4 carburetors. Thanks to this, the engine will run quieter and become more revving.
When tuning the Moskvich 412 engine, it is important to choose the right material from which the adapter flange plates will be made. It is also important to ensure the relative position of the dampers and to correctly configure the intake manifold. To further increase the power, you need to install a charger, and before that you need to make an intake tract and place it in the housing between the dampers and the brake master cylinder with a vacuum seal.
Then you need to work on the spider, for this you need to improve the standard piston group, and in general you will have to work hard. It is much easier to simply install another engine in the Moskvich, for example, the Toyota 3-liter 2JZ-GE engine is perfect.
When tuning the engine, you can install a turbocharger, which will supply compressed air to the cylinders, which will also increase power. This scheme uses the energy of exhaust gases. More fuel is supplied to the cylinders, which increases power. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the air flow, and the turbine will do this.
And the exhaust gases will rotate the turbine impeller, after which the compressor blades will be set in motion. The compressor is responsible for pumping air into the cylinders. Since the air enters the cylinders under pressure, the cylinders end up receiving a large amount of air.
Of course, an engine with a turbine will have more power compared to a naturally aspirated engine. As already mentioned, the more air is supplied, the more fuel is burned, so the engine power increases significantly.
But for those for whom even this increase in power is not enough, there is an opportunity to get even more power; for this you need to work on increasing the torque indicator.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to modify the drive supercharger. Improve the crankshaft and also increase engine displacement. To increase the volume by about 300 cubic meters, you simply need to remove the cylinder head, this will increase the compression level in the cylinders to 8.4 units.
This is where the tuning of the Moskvich 412 engine still ends; then you can do such a thing as chip tuning, which will affect the electronic control unit, especially if you install, as mentioned above, 4 carburetors, they can be borrowed from a snowmobile.
Such transformations will reduce the noise level, because the engine will idle at 400 rpm, and as for the maximum number of revolutions, this figure will increase to 5500 rpm. Yes, this is all serious work, but if everything is done correctly, the Moskvich 412 will become more maneuverable, accelerate faster, and feel more confident in traffic when overtaking.
After boosting the engine, the car will demonstrate excellent driving performance. The car will become obedient and will bring the driver more joy and pleasure from driving. A special pleasure comes from the straight-through blaster, thanks to which the sound from the car is simply amazing; all drivers and pedestrians around will look around and remain in shock for a long time at how “dangerous” the car turns out to be.
It will be difficult to do tuning the Moskvich 412 engine with your own hands, but if you have the knowledge and experience, then everything will work out. And if you don’t have experience and knowledge, then you just need to turn to professionals; it’s especially good to find acquaintances or friends who understand cars and tuning; they will always be able to work on your standard Moskvich on favorable terms.
To tune a car you will need a considerable amount of tools and skills. If you look at it in general, tuning a car will require serious investment in terms of time and finances, but with due patience, you can turn an old car into a masterpiece, avoiding possible problems and difficulties, without losing your enthusiasm.
If you contact a tuning studio, you don’t have to worry about possible difficulties in terms of mechanics, because all these issues will be taken care of by specialists, and you can even get a guarantee that the car will easily travel even 100,000 km after tuning.
But as you know, technology can sometimes be unpredictable, so unforeseen situations can happen, and the car can fail, so it is also important to understand how the car works in general terms, to know where the carburetor, engine, battery, etc. are located. And at least understand for yourself which of the nodes has failed.
How to make a walk-behind tractor with your own hands using a Lada box and a VAZ rear axle
Many people are interested in whether it is possible to make a walk-behind tractor with their own hands. A heavy walk-behind tractor or compact walk-behind tractors are indispensable assistants in agriculture, but not all farmers and summer residents have the opportunity to purchase such equipment. Therefore, if you have certain skills, knowledge and skills, you can assemble a walk-behind tractor with your own hands. In order for a self-assembled motor cultivator to serve for a long time, a project diagram is created. It is necessary to correctly measure the parts, purchase materials and tools, and complete technical drawings and dimensions of components. You can use one of the instructions from folk craftsmen who write on special forums on how to make a walk-behind tractor with your own hands.
Any recommendations on the Internet on how to make a walk-behind tractor yourself should be checked against reviews. It’s good if the users of such homemade walk-behind tractors are friends or acquaintances. Then their reviews can be trusted; in other cases, all advice on assembling and using homemade devices should be checked.
Other improvements
The Moskvich 412 itself has a fairly reliable design and excellent features, despite the fact that it has not been produced for a long time. However, spare parts for this car can still be found to this day, and at disassembly sites you can also easily find the necessary part if necessary.
The car looks, to put it mildly, old-fashioned, of course, it’s a Soviet car, it’s already more than 30 years old, but don’t despair, even from such an old car you can make something fashionable and modern. First you will have to work on the exterior, and then on the interior.
To improve the appearance of the Moskvich, you will need to install other bumpers, you can borrow them from more modern VAZs, or you can even take original ones from some manufacturers of tuning parts. With new bumpers the car will look noticeably cooler.
Bridge and hydraulics
If you plan to install wheels with a larger diameter, there may be problems with the axle. Their use has a much better effect on reducing soil resistance and pressure, at which the device does not load from its own weight. The desired shock absorption effect can be obtained by installing eighteen-inch tires. If the front axle is not a drive axle, then you don’t need any special skills to make it, especially when planning to create a budget option, everything that can be found at hand will do, the main thing is that it is durable metal and a high-quality mount.
Hydraulics are an integral part of steering control; the main spare parts are oil pumps from a good manufacturer. If the hydraulic system itself is mounted near the drive shaft, the device will provide the necessary pressure.
Improving car performance
Those who have experienced Moskvich know that when the speed increases above 100 km/h, the car begins to drive slightly, especially if the road is slightly uneven. To correct this situation, it is necessary to remove the bridge and install a more modern stabilizer, the same as on foreign cars.
Some people think that when tuning a Moskvich 412 it is necessary to change the suspension and in some ways they are right, it should be independent with a gearbox in the rear. If you improve the suspension, the car will also feel more confident on the road, and even off-road, because the Moskvich has springs, which means that the car is simply designed for driving on rough terrain.
After the car begins to accelerate faster and feels confident on the road, the driver will often press his slippers to the floor, and if some unexpected obstacles suddenly appear on the road, stronger brakes will be required to prevent them. The standard brakes in Moskvich are drums at the rear and discs at the front, so it is advisable to also install disc brakes on the rear wheels, or even better if they have a vacuum booster. After such improvements to the brakes, driving such a car will be safer.
By the way, the gearbox is considered a very important component in a car, so the standard Moskvich one has already outlived its usefulness, it is noisy and not fast enough. Instead of the old gearbox, you can install a VAZ 5-speed gearbox. Even such a box will allow the car to drive faster and it will become quieter.
Homemade tractors assembled by simple village people
In the villages, men assemble tractors from scrap metal and junk cars, it turns out cheap and cheerful, and sometimes even cute) but it’s not about beauty, the main thing is reliability and simplicity of design.
The material basis for creating homemade tractors is mainly the Soviet legacy left over from the once Huge and Powerful Superpower, namely components and assemblies of the Domestic automobile industry, spare parts from tractors, agricultural machines, trucks, in general, all scrap metal goes into business) As a rule, the frame is homemade welded from a channel or a rectangular section profile, then a shortened rear axle VAZ, UAZ, front wheels from a passenger car, rear wheels from a truck or tractor of the MTZ type (front) are installed on the frame. The engine is usually installed on a VAZ or ZAZ, as well as Moskvich, OKA, in general, whoever has something available, they install it, the main thing is that it works) They also previously installed an internal combustion engine of the UD type (universal engine), but it is gluttonous and the carburetor needs to be changed to a car one. The guys also assemble ATVs on their own. So, let's look at the options for homemade tractors from the outback villages.
The tractor plows, cultivates, harrows, plants and digs up crops in the fall, an excellent assistant. Recently, the guys began to equip tractors with homemade cabins in order to protect themselves from rain and scorching sun while working.
Tractors are also assembled on the basis of walk-behind tractors, this is a separate story and we will talk about it in our next issues. Be sure to SUBSCRIBE TO THE CHANNEL so as not to miss updates.
This is such a wonderful homemade technique designed and assembled by a simple villager. SourceExhaust system improvement
In order for the sound of the car to bring joy and satisfaction, it is necessary to replace the exhaust system - change the standard one to a sports one. Put a direct flow, as people say. Even if you just remove the resonator and install a pipe instead of a muffler, the sound will be like a supercar. The 8-valve engine gives a pleasant growl if you remove the muffler.
Further, you can improve the appearance of the car with the help of chrome parts such as original-shaped mud flaps, vinyl, various original drawings or stickers. Of course, you can completely repaint the car in a different color, but this will require solving some difficulties and costing money.
To make the car look interesting, you can also install an air intake on the roof or hood. The air intake is simply a necessary element of the external tuning of the Moskvich 412. The wheels also need to be changed - install alloy wheels with expensive branded tires.
The better the quality of the tires, the better the car will handle, become more obedient on the road, and also ride smoothly. To prevent the steering wheel from shaking at high speeds, you need to balance it.
To further improve the appearance of the car, you need to install xenon, which, as you know, shines much brighter than conventional headlights. Xenon headlights have such an interesting property as a glow with a certain shade. You can choose different colors such as blue, red, green, etc.
Very quickly a car with xenon will be noticed on the road. And especially if xenon is installed on the Moskvich, it will be simply incredible, especially at night.
Expansion of functionality
The best feature of such a machine is maneuverability, which can be achieved using the characteristic breakable frame. The brake system should be selected according to the same principle, depending on its purpose and scope of application, what specific work will be carried out and for what purpose. If we take into account all the nuances and speed of implementation of the idea, such a device has a right to exist.
If it is possible to attach a certain system or equipment to the front bumper, without much effort, with the help of several fasteners, a passenger car can be turned into a snow blower or tractor. If you consider the systems and instruments in the machine unsuitable for putting them into operation, you can use the cab frame, steering wheel, levers and wires, that is, everything that can become a component for the tractor at minimal cost.
Transmission and clutch
A self-made motor cultivator based on a VAZ gearbox or based on a manual transmission must have an excellent transmission. It is needed in order to transmit rotating torque from the motor to the wheels, change the speed and direction of the machine. This part of the walk-behind tractor consists of units that are connected in series to each other:
- gearbox;
- differential;
- clutch;
- Transmission.
Gearboxes and gearboxes are divided into several types:
The most optimal solution is to install a gear transmission on the walk-behind tractor, which has several forward and reverse speeds.
In motor cultivators, you can use transmissions that consist of 2 gearboxes - a gear (installed on top) and a worm (mounted on the bottom). This design is suitable for light and medium-sized machines, but for heavy walk-behind tractors it is necessary to install more modernized versions.
The gear-worm transmission can be equipped with a centrifugal automatic clutch. The belt drive on gearboxes of this type can also act as a clutch, which performs its functions through a tension roller and a control mechanism (rod and levers).
Chassis and steering
The chassis is a frame onto which all parts of the walk-behind tractor and wheels must be attached. When there is no frame, its functions are performed by the transmission, and the motor and wheels should be mounted on it.
You can put parts from the car on the chassis, for example, from the rear axle of a Zhiguli.
This is a suitable option for changing the distance between the wheels and setting the track to the desired width. If there is no rear axle from a Zhiguli, then one from an Ant or an all-terrain vehicle will do.
It is customary to use 2 types of wheels on walk-behind tractors:
- Pneumatic.
- Weighted metal ones that have lugs. They are bolted to the wheels or welded on. Additionally, other weights can be attached to the metal wheels to increase the weight of the walk-behind tractor and improve traction with the ground.
The walk-behind tractor is controlled through a system of levers, gear shift rods and steering wheel. Some models have operator seats, but the vehicle is generally operated manually only. The required structures can be located on the following nodes.
On the left side of the steering rod there is a control lever for the clutch and emergency engine stop.
The gas, wheel drive and brake levers are installed on the right side.
