Drawing of a universal attachment for the washing machine motor shaft. How to make homemade emery

DIY emery

Emery has become widespread. It can be used to sharpen the cutting edge of a knife or scissors, as well as many other cutting objects. There are simply a huge number of different models on sale, all of them are characterized by their specific performance qualities. The too high cost determines that many decide to create emery with their own hands. Let's take a closer look at the features of the homemade version.

Turning work: features

To be able to secure the stone to the engine axis, it is necessary to machine a special flange.

This work is performed on a lathe. A drawing is pre-made, which must indicate:

abrasive diameter, its internal hole;
diameter of the electric motor axis.

In addition, the flange for the motor shaft is turned directly on the machine. It is put on the axle, securely fastened with a bolted connection, and a nut with a left-hand thread is installed.

The cutting of nut threads and flange threads directly depends on the direction in which the rotation of the electric motor shaft will be directed. For clockwise rotation, a left-hand thread is cut, and for counter-clockwise rotation, a right-hand thread is cut.

When the table emery is turned on, spontaneous tightening of the nut will begin to occur. This nuance must be taken into account. If the nut starts to loosen, the abrasive stone may simply fly off during operation. This is very dangerous, because... may cause serious injury.

Quite often, home craftsmen feel the need to use sandpaper. It may be required when knives or scissors, as well as other cutting tools that require sharpening from time to time, become dull. Many specialists are in no hurry to purchase such equipment because it is very expensive. There is no need to talk about private consumers, who do not use such equipment as often as professional craftsmen.

The principle of operation of a homemade device

Before you make homemade emery with your own hands, you need to consider the features of its operating principle. They consist of the following points:

When making tools, a washing machine and other common household appliances are used as a basis.
The basis of the design is an electric motor, from which rotation is transmitted. It is he who launches the device.
A shaft extends from the electric motor, to which the most suitable attachments are selected. You can turn them with your own hands if you have a lathe or milling machine.
An emery wheel is installed on a special attachment, which will carry out mechanical processing of the surface.

When the device is connected to the power supply, the motor starts working, transmitting rotation to the emery wheel. The principle of operation of emery is quite simple, so you can create it yourself using scrap materials.

The main goal of the work carried out

Before making emery, it is necessary to clearly understand the future direction of its operation. Usually, a homemade emery has the ability to change the direction of rotation of the rotor. The Soviet washing machine was equipped with an asynchronous motor. This made it possible to change the rotation of the axis when connecting certain windings. Sometimes the motor has four terminals specifically to change the rotation of the rotor.

To find out the desired direction of rotation, the tester determines:

working winding;
starting winding.

In most cases, the resistance of the working winding does not exceed 12 Ohms; in the starting winding it reaches 30 Ohms. The working winding is connected to the electrical network. One end of the starting winding is connected to the output of the coil, with its other end it is necessary to touch the second output of the winding, and having touched it, immediately discard it. Typically, a special relay is used for this operation.

This determines the direction of rotation of the emery. If the winding terminals are swapped, the motor will begin to rotate in the other direction. Sometimes they don’t install a trigger coil. To start working, you just need to spin the whetstone, the sharpener will start working.

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Motor selection

The main element of the design under consideration is an electric motor. When collecting homemade emery, pay attention to the following recommendations:

The most commonly used engine is from a washing machine, for example, “Volga” or “Siberia”. The engines installed on these devices are characterized by high performance and reliability, while being inexpensive. In addition, a switch is taken from them to create a control unit.
Electric motors that have 1 to 1.5 revolutions per minute are most suitable. You cannot use design options with a turnover of more than three thousand. With such a load, a structure created by yourself will not withstand it, and the emery wheel may break. Too many revolutions are suitable if you need to polish rather than sharpen the surface.
When making your own emery and using a high-rpm engine, you should use high-strength emery wheels. Only they can withstand the load.
The power indicator should be in the range from 100 to 200 W. If desired, you can increase the indicator to 400 W, but no more.

Emery motor

The installed motor can be single-phase or three-phase. It is recommended to give preference to single-phase versions, since they can be powered from a household network. Three-phase ones are characterized by high performance and are less susceptible to heating.

How to choose the right electric motor for your device

In Soviet times, many models of washing machines were produced. They were equipped with powerful engines with reverse. In addition, such a washing machine had a switch equipped with a starter.

The most difficult thing when assembling a homemade emery when installing such an electric motor is the process of attaching an abrasive stone to the axis. The electric motor shaft in most cases does not have a thread; the diameter of the stone hole often does not correspond to the diameter of the shaft.

To solve this problem it is necessary to grind a special part. It must compensate for this disproportion. To make homemade emery, you need to plan the future dimensions of such a part. Most often, homemade emery is made using an asynchronous electric motor.

For the emery to have high performance, the engine must develop 3000 rpm.

If this number is much higher, the grindstone may break. Therefore, to prevent the possibility of such a breakdown, an electric motor that develops 1500 revolutions is used for the home. For an electric motor with 3000 rpm, it is necessary to use a high-strength stone. It must be attached with a very high quality and reliable flange. Most often, high speeds are needed for polishing products. On such devices, sharpening occurs very rarely.

When done, there is no need to install a powerful electric motor. Professionals recommend using a motor power of 400 W for a stationary sharpening machine. To work in a garage, an electric motor power of no more than 200 W is sufficient. This is exactly what the washing machine was equipped with. One of its positive qualities is its low speed.

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Flange preparation

To create the design in question with your own hands, you will also need a flange. If necessary, you can turn it yourself or contact a professional turner. The features of this stage are the following:

You need to know the diameter of the mounting hole of the emery wheel used.
When creating a flange, the diameter of the shaft is taken into account. The flange and shaft must have similar diameters; too much clearance can cause serious problems.

Such an element is secured with a nut, bolt and washer. Thread cutting is carried out taking into account the direction in which the output shaft will rotate. For example, when the wheel rotates clockwise, the thread being cut should be left-handed. By choosing an oppositely directed threaded surface, the likelihood of the nut unscrewing during operation is reduced. If this happens, the working part will fly off at high speed, causing injury and other damage.

If it is not possible to make a flange from a blank, then you can use a pipe with a suitable diameter as a base. The gap between the bushing and the shaft can be eliminated by using sealing material. If the gap is too large, then several bushings of different diameters are used.

Attachment to the electric motor shaft from a bolt

The simplest attachment - an adapter for the electric motor shaft - can be made from an ordinary bolt in 15 minutes.
This does not require the services of a turner at all. You need to drill a straight hole for the shaft - exactly in the center of the bolt. We select a drill with a slightly smaller shaft diameter so that it does not move to the side, and clamp the bolt into the drill chuck, and the drill into a vice or into another drill. Later we will drill out the finished hole to the diameter of the motor shaft. Watch the video of the “Your Idea TV” channel, which showed this non-standard idea. It is advisable to wrap the threads of the bolt attachments with electrical tape so as not to damage them when clamped in the socket. Try to choose a drill as close as possible to the diameter of the shaft so that the bolt fits tightly and the runout is minimal. To fix the adapter so that it does not rotate, we drill a side hole and cut a thread of a suitable diameter.

The master took an old Soviet bolt, which has seen many nuts in its lifetime, but in terms of steel strength, not a single modern plasticine shiny twin can compare with it. I didn’t clean it of rust, but only renewed the carvings for the veteran. Modern metal is very soft and a nozzle made from it will not last long, so a real master in his workshop has a jar or basin with similar wealth of different sizes.

The rest is simple. Two washers, a nut and a piece of felt from old felt boots. To give the felt a round shape, cut a side groove with a knife, and cut off the remaining felt with scissors along the outlined line. If you need a wide felt wheel for polishing, you can use it by cutting several thin ones, and then trim it not with a knife, but with a large abrasive stone. Please note that there is no beating, and the adapter itself is easily removable - so several of them can be made at once - both for polishing and for grinding abrasive wheels. In the next video, the master will show a nozzle with white corundum; it is fine-grained and excellent for sharpening knives.

Watch the video about the attachment to the electric motor.

Direction of movement of the emery

Before making a homemade structure with your own hands, you need to decide in which direction the rotor will move. Induction motors can change the direction of movement of the element in question depending on how the power source was connected. The features of such a moment are the following information:

Before connecting the power source, the purpose of both windings is determined. Resistance measurement is carried out with a tester; for the working one it is several times lower than the starting resistance
The winding designed to operate the device is connected to an energy source. The starting voltage is supplied to the relay and coil, after which the device turns on.

By changing the position of the wiring, you can set the required direction of rotor movement. This determines whether the sandpaper will rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.

What determines the choice of motor?

First of all, it should be explained why, in most cases, a motor from a washing machine is used in the manufacture of a sharpener.

The fact is that old models, such as Volga, Chaika, Ural and many others, had ideal speeds for sanding, 1000 - 1500 per minute. It was this frequency that allowed their activator to spin at optimal speed. At the same time, washing machines varied quite significantly in maximum load, and therefore in engine power. In most cases it ranged from 200 to 400 watts. This is quite enough so that even axes can be sharpened with sandpaper.

However, before you start manufacturing, you must definitely study the “nameplate” on the engine body. This is a tin plate on which the main parameters of the motor are indicated. It is important that the shaft rotation speed does not exceed 3000 rpm. This is due to the fact that the grinding wheel is not designed for high angular speed and, if the maximum value is exceeded, it may collapse. This is very dangerous, especially considering that most homemade sandpapers lack protection. Moreover, a high rotation speed will lead to overheating of the sharpened tool, and hence to loss of cutting qualities.

In addition to optimal frequency and power, the washing machine motor has a number of significant advantages:

Connection to the electrical network without additional modifications.
The existing mounts make it easy to mount the engine to the sandpaper base.
The length of the motor shaft allows you to place a sharpening stone on it, albeit with the help of an adapter.

Now that the choice of motor for the emery is justified, we can move on to the process of its manufacture.

This is the only detail that cannot be made by hand. You will need a lathe and, accordingly, a person who knows how to work on it. What is the adapter for? The fact is that the size of the motor shaft is about 14mm, while the mounting hole

The emery circle usually has a diameter of 32 mm. This means that their “direct” connection is absolutely excluded. The adapter seems to increase the washing machine motor shaft to the required size.

To make it, you will need a piece of round steel, approximately 65 mm long. and diameter 60 mm. The last figure is due to the need for the so-called flange - a fixed washer on the body of the part, into which a circle of emery rests on one side. Its thickness must be at least 4 mm. A seat with a diameter of 32 mm is machined in front of the flange. Next comes the “M20” thread, onto which the nut that secures the circle will be screwed.

For mounting on the engine, a hole is made in the adapter body with a diameter equal to the shaft. Then everything depends on how the pulley was fixed on the washing machine. There were two main options:

Using a thread on the motor shaft and a large nut.
Bolt 4, screwed into the adapter body, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the motor.

The part being manufactured must have one of the following mounting methods, depending on the type of engine.

Sometimes, home craftsmen try to minimize costs and make an adapter with a flange themselves. Most often, a pipe with suitable internal and external diameters is used as a base. You shouldn't do this without proper experience. The fact is that it is very difficult to select a suitable workpiece, so “beats” and distortions are inevitable. It will be unsafe to work with such emery. You should not save on your health, especially since the cost of a master’s work will not exceed 500 rubles, and if the part is made from its own material, it will cost even less.

Another adapter diagram for making emery from a washing machine engine

The frame on which the engine will be mounted does not require any special material costs, but this does not make it any less significant. The base must be well thought out, since making emery is not an end in itself; you still have to work on it. At the same time, all attention should be focused on sharpening the tool, and not on holding the motor jumping all over the workbench with your hand. Working like this is, at the very least, inconvenient, and in this case there is no talk of compliance with safety regulations at all.

Therefore, the base of the emery should be heavy enough, and most importantly, allow the motor to be fixed in the same way as it was fixed to the washing machine. It is best, of course, to make the frame metal. True, you will have to use welding for this. If this is not possible, then you should take a suitable piece of chipboard and bolt metal corners onto it to mount the engine. Even better, remove the motor from the washing machine along with the standard bracket and screw it to the base. The main thing is to use bolts and nuts for this; self-tapping screws can become loose and unscrew due to vibration.

There is one more key point. The height of the motor mounting should not only allow the emery wheel to rotate freely, but also provide a gap of 4 - 5 cm between it and the base. After the motor is securely mounted on the frame, you need to think about the support table. It must be metal; welding can be replaced with a bolted connection. If the starting capacitor on the washing machine was moved outside the motor housing, you need to provide a place for it on the base of the sandpaper.

Once the motor is securely fastened to the frame and all auxiliary elements are installed, you can proceed to the electrical connections. But first you need to make sure that the grinding wheel is securely fastened to the motor shaft, as well as that there are no various beats.

Device installation

After assembling the emery, it is attached to a base, which is often used as a workbench. Fastening is carried out using conventional bolts. It is important to choose a base that can withstand strong vibration and stress. You can make your own support using metal plates and corners.

When turning a cutting edge, strong vibration may occur. This problem can be solved by using rubber pads that are cut from a regular hose.

Carrying out the installation of emery

Let's look at how to make emery from a washing machine with your own hands. First you will need to determine how to properly install it on the workbench. This can be done using a bracket that is removed from the washing machine. Fastening can be done using bolts. The motor, on the other hand, rests on an angle that holds it in a horizontal position. Among other things, it has a cutout that completely follows the outline of the motor housing.

In order to reduce the force of vibration, you need to put an edging made of a rubber piece of hose on the corner. You can avoid injury from a working saw and flying debris from the abrasive wheel when using the machine by making a casing. It is preferable to make it from steel. For this you need to choose a canvas whose thickness is 2.5 millimeters. This could be a strip of metal that needs to be rolled into a half ring shape. Under the working surface of the emery wheel, it will be necessary to mount a galvanized sheet element, which will protect the workbench from the effects of flying sparks formed during work. All actions for your own safety should be performed using special glasses.

Safety precautions when working on the machine

The characteristics of self-made emery are determined by the fact that safety precautions must be observed. If the equipment is used incorrectly, it can cause harm to human health. Among the safety features, we note the following points:

Be sure to use safety glasses to prevent shrapnel from getting into your eyes.
A homemade design is often equipped with a casing, which is made of a metal sheet 3 mm thick. Such protection significantly reduces the degree of scattering of fragments.
Do not carry out work wearing gloves or long sleeves. As the abrasive wheel moves, they may become caught, resulting in injury.
Particular attention is paid to electricity. If basic recommendations are not followed, a short circuit may occur, which is dangerous to the health and lives of others. Before starting work, it is recommended to inspect the cable and electric motor; if there are mechanical defects, it is prohibited to turn on the equipment. In addition, it is highly not recommended to sharpen in conditions of high humidity.
Do not process near explosives. When machining metal, sparks can form that ignite flammable materials.

Safety precautions when working on sharpening and grinding machines

In all cases, the condition of the grinding wheel should be checked, since even minor defects can lead to significant problems. Cracks and some other defects make the structure less durable; individual parts may break off during operation. The master should be located on the side.

Homemade emery from a washing machine engine

It is worth considering that a do-it-yourself grinding emery machine is assembled not only when using a motor from a washing machine, but also many other equipment that have similar parameters.

When assembling the structure, attention is paid to the following points:

All moving elements must be hidden in a protective housing. This increases the safety of the work being carried out. It can be made using sheet metal.
Do not forget that ordinary sheet metal is susceptible to rust. That is why it is necessary to provide protection for the surface from such effects, for which special paint or other substances are used. By updating the protective layer from time to time, you can significantly extend the service life of the device.
It is possible to provide for the installation of several flanges that will be designed for sanding wheels with different mounting holes.
The electric motor and the emery wheel can be connected rigidly or through a V-belt drive. To do this, two pulleys are installed, which are designed to tension the belt. When changing the diameter of the pulleys, you can adjust the number of revolutions transmitted to the emery wheel.
Cooling is carried out due to active blowing of the structure, for which the rotor transmits rotation to the blades.
It is worth considering that the structure is not protected from exposure to high humidity. When creating emery with your own hands, attention is paid to where exactly the structure will be installed. A home workshop or a large shed is suitable for this.

Emery from a washing machine motor

Homemade emery can last for a long period. Moreover, it does not require maintenance. If you use a disassembled motor and available materials, the structure you create yourself will cost several times less in comparison with purchased offers.

Sharpening accessories

We offer consumables and accessories for sharpening machines from the Swiss manufacturer JET. These products, in addition to high-quality workmanship, have a simple and effective design, thanks to which they last for a long time. With JET accessories you can easily sharpen knives, axes, scissors, chisels and other cutting tools whose blades cannot be properly processed in any other way. It is enough to correctly install the object, turn on the sharpening stone, and in just a couple of movements the edge will take on the desired shape.

How to assemble emery with your own hands

Every owner, one way or another, is faced with a situation where she needs to sharpen knives, scissors and other sharp objects that become dull over time. You can turn to a master every time and pay a lot of money for his services or buy ready-made emery, or you can be smart and please your wallet by making emery yourself.

Basic materials and tools

The principle of operation of a homemade device

In order to construct a homemade emery, you need an electric motor left over from using old household appliances.

It is the electric motor that puts the product into operation, as a result of which the attachments, pre-sharpened on lathe equipment and installed on the motor shaft, sufficiently clamp the emery wheel.

How to choose an electric motor

Most often, craftsmen choose as a motor an electrical device left over from an old-made washing machine, for example “Volga”, “Sibir” or “Vyatka”. As you know, the equipment made during the Soviet era was of high quality, so the engines were also quite powerful, with high reverse performance. From such a washing machine, you will also need a switch with a manual starter mechanism.

The main difficulty encountered is the precise placement of the whetstone directly on the engine shaft. The shaft does not always have a thread; the size of the hole in the stone may also not correspond to the size of the shaft. A specially machined part that will smooth out the dimensional discrepancy will allow you to cope with this task.

The maximum speed limit used in emery is 3000 revolutions per minute. This nuance cannot be ignored, because a high rotation frequency can cause the sharpening stone to rupture. It is preferable to use a product at home with an engine speed of 1000 to 1500 rpm.

However, if you wish, you can make a more durable emery with your own hands; to do this, it is enough to fix a high-quality flange. A powerful device may be needed not for sharpening, but for polishing various surfaces.

So, the power of a wear-resistant machine should be 400 W; at home, a device with a power of 100–200 W is sufficient.

Accessories for servicing sharpening machines

In addition to accessories in the catalog you will find accessories for sharpening machines. These products help to properly maintain sharpening machines, which significantly increases their service life. We offer bars for cleaning and dressing the grinding wheel, polishing pastes for the leather wheel and cases that make it easier to work with this tool, as well as its movement and storage.

In the online store site you can buy the necessary elements for sharpening stones at affordable prices by placing an order online through the “Cart”. If you have any difficulties, our consultants will help you make your choice.

If you decide not to buy a sharpening machine, but to make it yourself using your own engine, then you will need the services of a turner. Making rather than buying is often justified for several reasons: it turns out cheaper, it turns out to be of much higher quality, it’s no secret that sharpening machines sold in stores sometimes hit the stone mercilessly. Eliminating the runout of a factory sharpener is no easier than making a good machine.

We manufacture two types of machines:

The stone is installed through a nozzle on the engine. Advantage - simplicity, disadvantage - you can install only one stone. You can install two stones, but at the cost of removing the engine cooling system. The impeller has to be removed.
The axle with two stones at the ends and a pulley in the middle is driven by a separate motor. With this option, the beating of stones is minimal, the engine is perfectly cooled and does not become clogged with abrasive particles. This system works many times longer. This scheme is suitable for working with grinding and cutting diamond tools both with and without water supply.

We can manufacture a sharpening or cutting machine, complete with everything necessary. We can also use your components: motor, bearings, metal blanks, belts, etc. We can manufacture a machine according to your drawings and wishes, which will be very significantly cheaper, but no worse in quality.

If you need to make attachments for hand-held power tools: drills, dremels, sanders, we will help you. The precision of our machines is quite enough so that the nozzle does not vibrate even at a speed of 20,000 revolutions.

Almost every home craftsman has among his tools a homemade emery machine made from an electric motor. With its help, you can sharpen various things you need in everyday life. You can, of course, buy such sandpaper in a store. However, its cost is often very high. That's why craftsmen make homemade emery.

To make emery, you will need an asynchronous motor from a Soviet washing machine.

For such a device, it is very important to choose the right electric motor. Special attachments are attached to its shaft, which clamp the emery wheel.

Manufacturing process

Flange undercut

As you know, the flange connects the engine and the stone. If you do not have experience working on a lathe, seek help from a specialist by providing a detailed drawing of the future device, with measurements of the diameter of the stone on the inner surface and the size of the shaft.

The made flange must be correctly placed on the shaft, the result must be secured with fasteners, for example, a bolt and a nut; it is preferable to use an additional threaded washer located on the left side.

Depending on the vector of rotation of the shaft, a thread is formed on the fasteners. Clockwise rotation requires left-hand threading, counterclockwise rotation requires right-hand threading. This is the principle of tightening the nut; if you neglect it, the part will unwind, and the stone will most likely fly off from its installed place, which is dangerous for the person who works with the emery.

However, not everyone has the opportunity to make emery with their own hands with point bushings of a certain size, as required by technology. Pieces of pipes will help to cope with this situation at home; cracks and voids formed between the bushings and the shaft can be hidden by wrapping them with textile tape. Another option is to sequentially place a smaller bushing in a larger one.

When winding the electrical tape, follow the uniformity. The sleeve is made from a pipe whose diameter is 32 mm, coinciding with the inner diameter of the emery circle. After which the circle must be placed on top of the sleeve.

Taking into account the direction of the emery work

Before you make emery with your own hands, decide on the vector of its work. For convenience, you can independently change the direction of the rotations the rotor makes. If the engine is taken from a washing machine, it can be considered asynchronous, which means there are no obstacles to changing the direction of rotation.

Find the windings intended for starting and operating, use a tester. How to distinguish the starting and working windings? The resistance indicator of the first reaches 30 Ohms, the working one - 12 Ohms. The working element is connected to a 220 W power supply, the trigger works when one end is connected to one of the terminals located on the coil, with the other end it is enough to touch the next terminal for a short time and immediately put it aside.

Sanding attachment for electric motor shaft

Well, that is, I’m going to make “emery” from the engine from an old Soviet washing machine.

Stones come with different internal diameters, as well as widths, plus I would like to be able to use “used grinder” wheels.

I want to attach it specifically to the motor shaft. 18 mm shaft diameter, instead of a key I’m planning a radial screw. The free length of the motor rotor shaft is 25 mm. Power - 180 W, 1350 rpm.

Sanding attachments are a good thing because... situations in the “economy” are different)

If you are planning a trip to a turner, then in theory, he himself will tell you what is best to make (although among them, of course, there are different guys))

sharpen a pair of adapters according to your engine parameters (as in the picture below), with running diameters (20,22,25,32,). Just in case: the larger the stone, the higher the chance of bending the rotor shaft;

there is one adapter and several bushings for it with the required diameters on the outside

The required stone will then be placed on these bushings, after which it can be clamped with a pressure washer, as in picture No. 1.

Dear friend, any self-respecting turner should know how to make such an attachment. You can also add a chuck for drills and other tools, for example, to the end of the nozzle.

My advice to you. Take the engine and wheels you plan to use to the turner. You will arrive home with ready-made sandpaper. There is no problem with this.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that there are often abrasive wheels on the market that have a non-standard internal diameter. I came across this one, for example.