DIY carriage made of cardboard: master class with photos

Making crafts with children is not only fun, but also very useful, in this way the child develops logic, thinking, fine motor skills, creativity and perseverance, and it will also be useful for an adult to sometimes give his brain a break from everyday life and immerse himself in the world of childhood . And crafts made by your child’s hands, even with your help, will remind you of these happy moments all your life. There are a lot of different crafts that can be done at home, without much hassle, but in this article I want to immerse myself in a special atmosphere - in a fairy tale. The same fairy tale that our mothers and grandmother once read to us, where the prince and princess live happily ever after in their beautiful palace, where there are beautiful outfits and luxurious carriages, where everything is fine. It is about creating a carriage with your own hands that we will talk today.

There are a huge number of options for creating a carriage with your own hands, it can be the simplest and most ordinary - from cardboard, which your child will play with in the future, and made from more complex materials, such as wood or plywood, can be a wonderful addition to your interior. If you cannot decide what and why to create this masterpiece, then we offer you several interesting ideas and detailed master classes that will help you make your final choice.

A DIY carriage is a fabulous gift for anyone

As everyone knows, a gift made with your own hands is the most unique and original.
Besides, how nice it is to give something that has a piece of your soul in it. And how shocked the person to whom such a gift is intended will be. There are a lot of different crafts on the Internet for every taste and color. And so you decided for yourself that a carriage made quickly and easily with your own hands would be just such a gift. The carriage can not only be given as a gift, but also used as a decoration for a festive table or interior. It is not only original, but also functional. It can be used as a vase, box, flashlight or simply as a toy for a child. So what types of carriage crafts are there? The most popular ones include carriages made of felt, plywood, wood, cardboard, paper, wire and pumpkin. The most spectacular gift will be a carriage with flowers. You can make flowers for such a carriage yourself or decorate it with fresh flowers. Below we will conduct several master classes with photo and video instructions.

Use of horse carts

Let's start with something simple. The cart has long been used in villages as the main means of transportation for several passengers, and also as a device for transporting large cargo. When our grandparents were young, they sometimes met in the city, most often at markets, where peasants brought crops from their gardens or livestock for sale.

Today, such a curiosity can be found very rarely in cities and only in an “elegant” version. A simple, small-sized vehicle is often hitched to ponies in parks to give children rides.

A horse carriage is perfect as transport for a rustic wedding.

Any vehicle, be it a sleigh, a carriage or a cart, will not move without a horse. It is important to know how to harness a horse correctly - because it determines whether the animal will be comfortable in the harness, and, therefore, its performance. We will understand in the article what a harness consists of and what harnessing rules exist.

Master class on making a cardboard carriage with your own hands

To work you will need:

• thick cardboard;
• wooden blocks;
• lace;
• skewers;
• ice cream sticks;
• wide wire, two-core and single-core;
• white acrylic paint;
• screwdriver and screws;
• stationery knife;
• hot glue.

Manufacturing instructions.

First, we make a diagram of the cabin, transfer it to a thick sheet of cardboard. Using a stationery knife, cut out the blank. To connect the carriage parts, you need to cut strips 14 centimeters long and glue them with hot glue. Using skewers, wire, and wooden blocks we make wheels with a diameter of 10 and 14 centimeters. Using screws, fasten the axles to a wide wire.

We connect the two axles of the carriage with the cabin using screws. We cut out two parts for the doors and decorate them with ice cream sticks. We make parts for the chest, which will be located behind the carriage. We glue them together with hot glue and decorate them with sticks. We glue the finished chest to the carriage.

We prepare a rectangular part that will be the bottom of the carriage and glue it. To give the bottom of the carriage neatness, we cover the ends of the wire with sticks. To give relief, we decorate the carriage body with napkins. We make a seat for the coachman from thin wire and cardboard. We decorate windows, doors and seats with decorative cord or ribbon. We make benches inside the carriage and cover the cardboard with fabric. We sew pads and place them on benches. We cover the wheels with gold braid. Let's lay out the rug. We decorate the carriage with lace.

We make a roof out of cardboard, cover it with acrylic paint and decorate it.

Such a spectacular carriage can be used to decorate a wedding table.

About wheels

Wheels for carriages can and should be made using modern technologies. In the city, it is not very convenient to move on asphalt on traditional wooden wheels. Most often, lightweight versions equipped with tires are used. Their ride is softer, and the horse will be less tired of pulling the cart.

Although in some cases you may be asked to make wooden wheels. But keep in mind that this process is labor-intensive. This statement is especially true for the manufacture of an axle. Therefore, many craftsmen try to purchase ready-made blanks whenever possible.

We make a carriage from flowers in a step-by-step lesson with a description

To make a flower carriage you will need:

• double and single core wire;
• skewers;
• black corrugated paper;
• penoplex;
• PVA glue;
• glue gun;
• black electrical tape;
• Ruler and pencil;
• wire;
• wire cutters;
• scissors;
• scotch;
• stationery knife.

We make wheels; to do this, we cut four sections from double-core wire: two 28 cm each and two 40 cm each. We bend the resulting sections into the shape of a circle. We fasten the resulting wheels with tape. We cut strips from black corrugated paper and wrap them. Glue the tip of the paper.

From penoplex we cut out a circle with a diameter of two cm. We cut the skewers into sticks 4 cm long and make the spokes of the wheels. We thread the finished knitting needles into the penoplex, having previously lubricated them with glue for better fixation. We connect three skewers with tape and wrap them with corrugation - this is the wheel shaft.

We make a base from two-core wire with rounded ends and wrap it with corrugated paper.

We are making a cabin. To do this, cut five pieces of 55 cm each from single-core wire, wrap each with black electrical tape and dilute it with gold tape. We cut circles of polystyrene foam to fasten the rods. Using an awl and a glue gun, we make a carriage skirt. We collect all the parts and secure them with electrical tape. We hide the tips of the skewers on wheels with beads.

The carriage is almost ready, all that remains is to decorate it. To do this, we cut corrugated petals and create a flower base. To make petals, you need to cut out rectangles of the same size and cut out petals from them. Having made the blanks, you need to use the blunt end of the scissors to draw the wave away from you and stretch the segment, giving it the shape of a petal. Then glue all the petals with hot glue to the foam base. We install the resulting flower into the body.

Step-by-step production

1. Take a sheet of A4 paper and, placing a wooden skewer on the corner, tightly twist the paper around it, applying a little PVA glue.
2. We also fix the tip with PVA glue.
3. We remove the skewer.
4. We wind a second sheet of paper onto the tube, also fixing it with PVA glue at the beginning and end. We do the same with the third sheet of paper.
5. We cut off the thin ends with scissors.
6. Cut out a semicircle from a square of cardboard measuring 5x5 cm.
7. Roll the semicircle into a cone. Fix the edge of the cone with PVA glue.
8. Dip the tip of the cone into black gouache and let it dry completely.
9. We wrap the cone with a piece of golden corrugated paper, leaving only the black tip, it will look like it is a ballpoint pen. Fix with PVA glue.
10. Inside the cone, apply a layer of glue in a circle with a glue gun and insert the prepared paper tube.
11. Glue 2 rows of 3 chocolates onto the tube with hot glue.
12. We cut off the protruding paper tube with a stationery knife.
13. You can decorate such a handle with regular rope. Cut three pieces of rope along the length of the handle.
14. Glue pieces of rope into the grooves between the chocolates.
15. We also make several full turns with the rope, gluing it with hot glue, at the base of the cone.
16. We also decorate the end part of the handle with a rope, twisting it into a snake. We poke a hole in the center of the rope pattern and pour in a little glue with a gun.
17. Insert a feather into the hole.
18. You can present such a gift of candy to a teacher - a cool sweet pen - in a beautiful box for stationery in any style, and decorate it with appropriate inscriptions with wishes of success.

How to make a carriage out of cardboard

This lesson will appeal to both children and adults. You can easily create such a beautiful carriage from cardboard.

We will need:

- cardboard; - plasticine; - self-adhesive; — self-adhesive rubber; - scissors.

From the sales box, cut out two sides of the body using a stencil.

Then cut out 4 more parts and cover them with white self-adhesive tape. Still, the boxes may be uneven, and this way we will hide all the unevenness.

Coat the window openings with plasticine.

Cut a strip that will include the front wall. Tape the bottom of the side walls with double-sided tape.

Connect all the parts together. This is what you should end up with. The future carriage is already recognizable in the blank.

Next, cut out a piece from cardboard as shown in the photo. And also 2 parts made of white self-adhesive rubber; cover the cardboard part with rubber. Make two identical parts.

Connect the previous two pieces with an additional piece of cardboard.

Place a cardboard body on these parts and glue the trunk box to the back.

Also cut out the wheels from cardboard. Make two wheels for each wheel, gluing them together for evenness.

These are the wheels you should get; it’s better to cut them out with a stationery knife.

Make tires from self-adhesive rubber.

Now make a blank for the coachman's seat.

When finished, the seat should look something like this (you can improve it if you wish). Also make two sides to it.

Cover the sides with self-adhesive tape and the seat with rubber.

Now make the front rotating axle. To do this, glue the box together, make a slot in the center, insert a paper tube into it, and secure it with a cardboard ring on top. Now seal the box completely.

Connect the box with the second one (it should be smaller!).

Secure it with a ring at the bottom like this.

Glue the parts for the axle on the sides.

Now comes the fun part: put on the wheels, lock them, trim off the extra long axle.

As you can see, the rear axle is smaller, since the wheels are large.

And here is the coachman's seat.

The seats need to be made into the carriage itself. But it’s better to first make a floor there from several layers of thick cardboard. Draw any doors you want.

Stages of work

Once all materials have been purchased, sales can begin. Next, let's look at how to make a carriage for a horse step by step:

• It is best to take sheets of plywood with a thickness of at least 9mm as the basis for the future carriage. Plywood is quite durable and easy to process. Please note that the plywood must be moisture resistant, since the carriage will be used in outdoor conditions. Start by marking the workpiece according to previously prepared drawings. First you need to mark the sides. Divide the plywood sheet into pieces using a circular saw for ease of work.

Placement of outlines

• Draw the exact outlines of the components onto the plywood. Mark the places where window, door openings and possible technical grooves will be located. Then you can start cutting out the parts. It is most convenient to cut them with a jigsaw or its manual equivalent; to insert its attachment into the plywood, you need to drill holes using a drill.

Cutting blanks

• Two small pieces of plywood need to be cut in half in order to make blanks for the carriage walls. The resulting blanks must be glued with glue. Both parts must be thoroughly lubricated with glue, allowed to dry a little, and then tightened with clamps.
• After the side walls are completely dry, attach the bottom and ceiling of the carriage to them. Please note that the bottom, for greater strength, must be made of thicker plywood, and if the carriage is large, then it is necessary to use additional stiffeners made of wooden beams or a metal profile.

Gluing the bottom and ceiling

• To attach the bottom and ceiling to the walls, you can use steel corners or racks made of wooden beams. The racks must be made in such a way that they rest on the edges of the rear and front walls. It is best to fasten the racks to the walls with bolts or self-tapping screws, having previously made holes for them.
• Next you need to make the front and back parts of the carriage. Their dimensions must be identical to the dimensions between the sidewalls and the height from the bottom to the roof of the carriage. Do not forget also that there should be a place in front where the coachman should sit. If desired, you can also make window openings in the front and back. After fastening all the components together, the body is ready, let's move on to the frame.
• In order to make a frame, it is best to take a wooden board. Draw the frame drawings on the shield and cut it out with a jigsaw or manually with a hacksaw. The corners of the frame must be processed with a file, and then sanded clean with fine sandpaper. When designing the frame, do not forget about the place where the coachman will sit, in the front, and about the place where you can put luggage in the back of the carriage.
• Now move on to the windows and doors. To install windows and doors, you need to cover the openings with plastic, and hang curtains on the doorway. You can make plastic grilles for windows and doors, and then glue them into the openings.

DIY pumpkin carriage: master class

A pumpkin carriage made with your own hands by a child will become a real decoration of an exhibition of autumn crafts and will attract the attention of all children. Girls who, from childhood, have been interested in everything related to fairy-tale life and princesses will be especially partial to it.

Since making a carriage from a pumpkin is quite simple, start making this craft on the eve of a holiday or the opening of an exhibition - this will guarantee that the product will retain its original appearance before the arrival of visitors, spectators, guests and the jury.

Constructing a drawing for a landau hull

The carriage described here is made from cardboard with your own hands for Barbie-type dolls. But you can make a landau or chaise in a similar way for other residents of the toy town. When constructing doll carriages with your own hands, the drawings should be developed in accordance with the size of the “users”.

1. First of all, a template for the outline of the side wall of the carriage is drawn. In our case, it has the shape of a bowl with a rounded bottom or a tulip with a straight top.
2. At the top of the wall there are two round windows.
3. There will be a door between them. We have the function of a ladder assigned to it, so the side that will not be cut is at the bottom.
4. You can make a hole in the top of the door, like a window, or on the side, like a handle.
5. A sharp blade is used to cut out the outline of the wall, windows, a hole in the door and its three sides.
6. The second wall is cut out in the same way, but the door is not made. Although a carriage made with your own hands from cardboard may well have two entrances.
7. The bottom for the carriage is being prepared. It looks like a long strip of cardboard. This part should be as wide as the width of the carriage itself. The length is calculated in this way: the distance from the upper corner points of the side wall is measured. A measuring tape should be passed along the lower contour of the side. To this size you should add an allowance for circular folds - decorations along the top of the carriage.

Painted pumpkin carriage

To work, you need to stock up on an ordinary table and stationery knife, a glue gun, two pairs of tin lids from cans and various bright shiny paints (it is convenient to use spray bottles).

Craft materials

Cut off the top of the pumpkin.

Through the resulting hole, carefully remove all the pulp and seeds.

We take out the pulp

We cut out the door and windows.

Doors and windows

We cover the future carriage with paint. You can spray it from a can, or you can apply it with a brush.

Sprinkle fresh paint with glitter.

Sprinkle with glitter

The carriage is almost ready! Close the carriage with the lid.

Close the lid

Apply a black pattern to the lids and sprinkle with glitter.

Pattern on plastic lids

Using a glue gun, glue the lids to the pumpkin. Our carriage is on wheels!

Glue the lids

In one of the windows we place a drawing or photograph of a fairy-tale princess. Now the carriage has a passenger.

Making a frame

Now that the body is ready, let's move on to making the frame.

Step 1. The size of this element of the carriage is determined based on the dimensions of the body. The components of the frame should be cut out from a thick sheet of plywood, at least 21 millimeters wide. Two parts of the frame are cut from it, similar to the form shown in the figure.

What does the carriage frame look like?

After cutting is done, sand the surface of the parts to make it smooth.

Note! The body must fit snugly into the frame recess. Carry out cutting carefully. If you accidentally cut off an extra centimeter, don’t skimp and make a new part.

What happens after attaching the frame to the body?

Step 2. Let's start making the luggage part of the crew. For each side part of the frame, we cut out the lining according to the presented drawing. Use the drawing of the manufactured frame as a guide to the shape. The material for the sides is also thick plywood.

The overlay is cut to the shape of the frame bends

Once the sides are made, secure them to the inside of the frame using bolts or glue. You can use these construction devices in a comprehensive manner.

The part for the bottom of the rear of the cart is cut out from the remains of plywood, one side of it should be beveled at an angle of 45 degrees, as shown in the figure.

One of the sides of the part is beveled when cutting

Step 3. Using a drill, make holes in the side parts. This must be done at an angle of 90 degrees. To make it even, use a special bracket.

Then replace the bottom of the carriage and fit it onto the frame using an equal number of screws for each side.

It will turn out something like this

Do not forget to glue the joints of the parts to give the structure additional strength. To make gluing as effective as possible, tighten the parts with clamps.

Step 4. Now we prepare the coachman's place. It is produced by analogy with the luggage compartment floor. A part is cut out of a sheet of plywood, on which parallel cuts are made approximately 6 millimeters deep. A second sheet is glued to it at an angle, the size ideally fitting inside the carriage frame. After the glue has dried, screw the sheets together with a few screws.

Then we make a footrest from sawn plywood boards. We glue the boards with their side parts to each other and install them in place.

The place under the coachman's seat is assembled

Step 5. Prepare the seat itself for the cab driver. Here the flight of your imagination is not limited by anything. First, we make the “skeleton” of the future chair, focusing on the drawing, and then we put plywood boards on the frame. The lower part of the seat can be made wide to make sitting comfortable.

Making the coachman's seat is the easiest part of the process.

To make the design look more impressive, install carved armrests.

Step 6. Let's start creating the windows and door curtains. Thin, transparent plastic acts as window plates. This material is sold in rolls.

Interesting advice. To straighten rolled plastic, place it in boiling water and straighten it on a flat surface.

We cut out the frame for the window and glue the plastic on the inside. You can also secure it with screws.

After the windows are ready, we install them in the corresponding slots of the body and glue the frames. The result should be a design similar to that shown in the figure.

Choose any shape of window grilles, the main thing is that it looks impressive

It is better to take purchased metal handles and hinges for the door, since the carriage will be used mercilessly.

Step 7. Upholstery of the interior with fabric is done using a construction stapler. For a carriage in which people will ride, it is better to buy eco-leather, since its wear resistance is higher than other available materials. However, some parts of the interior decoration can be covered with velvet fabric.

Eco-leather is available in various colors

Operating a furniture stapler

We present to you a comparative table of the advantages and disadvantages of eco-leather.

As you can see, all the shortcomings of the material are mainly related to aesthetic characteristics. From a practical point of view, eco-leather is best suited for upholstery of the interior of a carriage.

Step 8. What you do at the stage of decorating the carriage depends only on you. The main thing is not to forget to equip the crew inside with a comfortable sofa, which you can also assemble yourself and upholster with a suitable fabric.

Be sure to take care of the exterior decoration of the cart. Add carved plywood elements throughout the body, don't forget the roof and frame. If you make a lattice for the roof, you can place a real living flower bed on top. This will add charm to the carriage and attract a crowd of tourists.

The carriage is a spectacular retro transport, popular among tourists

You can paint the carriage body with plywood paint, which is available in absolutely any color on the market. Here is an approximate list of painting works:

How to make wheels for a carriage

Wooden carriage wheels are also easy to make yourself. Their components are:

It should be noted that old-style wooden wheels do not have many advantages. Despite the metal bands, their wear resistance leaves much to be desired.

Some craftsmen advise using rubber tires for carriages, for example, those intended for a motorcycle. This will not only make the carriage ride smoother, but will also ensure a long service life for the carriage.

Video - Making your own wooden carriage wheel

Pumpkin carriage - ideas with photos

What makes this carriage different is the elegant design of the door and windows and the wheels made of small white pumpkins.

Pumpkin carriage with pumpkin wheels

The elegant white pumpkin carriage exudes a fairy tale and a dream.

White carriage with graceful wheels

You can choose any option, the main thing is that your child likes it.

Using the sled

A winter version of the carriage is a sleigh. Sleigh rides are a real curiosity and are especially popular in Russia due to the long winters of unprecedented beauty.

These sleighs are harnessed with one, two or three horses, which will take you into a real winter fairy tale. But to prevent the fairy tale from turning into a cold nightmare next to the broken carriage, it is necessary to correctly construct the structure.

Sleigh - a spectacular winter means of transportation

Materials for production

To make a sled with your own hands we will need the following materials and tools:

Prices for popular brands of portable welding machines

Making runners

Step 1. It is best to use stainless steel pipes, since the sled will be used in the extreme conditions of the Russian winter with its weather changes.

The length of the pipes must be greater than the length of the intended sleigh, since we will bend them on both sides to turn them into runners. A special tool is used for bending. If you don’t have it in your construction arsenal, use a trick: fill the pipes with sand, heat it and start bending.

Sleigh runner drawing

Step 2. We make racks and crossbars. The first parts are needed so that the sled does not sag under heavy load, the second - to make the structure a single frame structure.

For the manufacture of over-reinforced elements, thin steel pipes, at least 2.5 centimeters in diameter, are used. Install racks on each side of the future sled and weld them securely along with the crossbars and runners.

How are the elements of the sled structure arranged?

After the frame is welded, also make so-called fillies, 10 centimeters long, from small steel pipes. Only 12 pieces. Weld them evenly on each side of the vehicle. Afterwards, cut out small plates from metal sheets and attach them to the sled. We use them to attach the shafts.

Step 3. The sleigh body is made similarly to the carriage body, but is made open. Simply put, half of the carriage body is made and beautifully decorated with decor, then paint and varnish are applied.

Today it is popular to cast the body of a sleigh from metal, but this work is more painstaking and time-consuming. To make the task easier, cut out a frame from plywood and strengthen it by sheathing it with metal sheets.

Sleigh made of wood and plywood with metal runners

DIY candy carriage: a master class for beginners in photography

When you want to make a small gift as a sign of attention or gratitude, but the standard sets and packaging are already boring, you can give the same candies, but in an original design: in the form of a bouquet, a car, or even a carriage. This sign of attention will be appreciated by everyone, and it will be appropriate for any celebration. And how to make, for example, the same carriage from sweets with your own hands, we will tell you in this article.

In order to create such a masterpiece, you do not need any special knowledge or skills, although at first glance it may seem like a very difficult job. And from a financial point of view, such a gift is very affordable, because to create it you only need a little delicious sweets and imagination, and the materials can be found in any home. But, as they say, less words and more action, we bring to your attention several detailed master classes.

Let's start simple

Materials for the carriage:

Since the box of Raffaello chocolates will replace the cabin, we only need to make the wheels. To do this, we cut off four rings from plastic cups; they will serve as the base of the wheel.

Using toothpicks, secure the spokes to the wheels.

We glue the foil onto the cardboard and cut out eight circles, approximately the size of a nickel, and stick them on our wheels in the center.

Now we need to make the bottom, on which, in fact, our booth with candies will be located. To do this, take drinking straws and glue them to the center of the wheels.

Try to fix the tubes well, because they will support the entire weight of the candies. When the glue dries, glue a pre-cut cardboard bottom of the required size to the tubes.

In principle, our carriage is ready, all that remains is to place a box of sweets on it; if you wish, you can decorate it with ribbons, flowers, both real and artificial, beads and everything your heart desires.

From a candy box

If you need to make a present from assorted sweets, then ready-made boxes of sweets will not work; it’s better to make the box yourself from a template. You can also take a more thorough approach to making the frame of the carriage itself.

We need to bite off 4 pieces from a two-core wire: 2 pcs. – 28 cm each, 2 pcs. – 40 cm each (the length of the wire depends on the desired size of the wheels; if the gift is small, it can be reduced).

Making the shape of the wheels.

We cover our future wheels with colored corrugated paper.

Now we make the knitting needles. To do this, cut wooden skewers into 4 cm pieces and glue them to a circle cut out of cardboard.

We cover it with corrugated paper in the same way.

We connect 3 wooden skewers together and also cover them with corrugated paper.

We make a frame from two-core wire that will support our box of sweets.

We cover them with paper.

Now let's start assembling our carriage.

If desired, decorate with beads.

The base for the carriage is ready, now all that remains is to make the cabin by cutting it out according to the template provided below, fill it with your favorite candies and decorate it with flowers from corrugated paper.

Video on the topic of the article

Review DIY candy carriage: a master class for beginners.

Bouquet based

It is convenient to place a bouquet of candies on a base made of polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam, then the recipient of the gift will not have the hassle of choosing which vase to put the composition in. Styrofoam or foam is used to fill a beautiful box or decorative basket.

Next, skewers with attached and decorated candies are stuck into the base, beautifully forming a bouquet to the desired height and shape. A box or basket can be decorated with ribbons to match the bouquet, beads, and themed cards.

A bouquet of Raffaello sweets is quite heavy, so it is necessary to firmly secure the base inside the box or basket with glue.

Types of horse-drawn carriages

Today, shaft harnesses and pneumatic rubber wheels are used more. The carts have become more carrying capacity - about 750 kg.

From films, many are familiar with the horse gig, which is also mistaken for a cart. The cart must have four wheels. The gig has only two of them. Although there are several types of supply with their own characteristics.

Cart

A vehicle for transporting people is a trolley equipped with seats for the driver (goats) and passengers. Handles necessary for safety are attached to the sides on the inside.

This horse-drawn carriage often travels on paved roads. The wheels are made from pneumatic tires. The carts are relatively small in size.

There is no covered top in this design, so the sides are made high. They protect from dust and stones flying from under the wheels of oncoming traffic.

Drogi

Another type of supply is larger in size. The front and rear are connected by long bars (drogues). Metal sheets are placed on top and across. Such carts are called drogs after the beams.

Droshkis are also called special types of semi- or springless carriages. They are shorter and lighter. Some modifications had wings over the wheels to protect them from dirt, and a convertible top. Four-seater carts of a special design were called rulers, round carts were called drays. Until the end of the 19th century, droshky was used to test trotters in Russian harnesses. Such carts can already be classified as another type of cart - a carriage.

shelves

The next type is used for transporting heavy loads. The shelf has a solid wooden, flat base. It is convenient to place and secure heavy or large luggage on the body.

For the manufacture of vehicles, only durable hardwood is used. The boards are laid lengthwise as close as possible to one another. They are fastened with transverse, shorter ones. As a rule, the basis of the structure is a metal frame.

High-quality shock absorption is important for transporting heavy loads. The wheels are used with rubber tires.

Crew

Closed carts with springs are called carriages. They can be equipped with shafts and a drawbar. Sometimes wooden wheels are used. Although today this is a rarity - they can only be seen on excursions in museums.

Load capacity and maneuverability differ between types.

Carriages

The most convenient and prestigious means of transportation in the past. There are soft seats inside. The carriage is equipped with windows on the sides and front. The coachman is in front, on the open part. Some carriages do not have sawhorses. Then the coachman is placed on the beam - a wooden mount on the edge. Footmen stood at the back of the carriage. They opened the doors and helped us up the steps inside.

Progress of the game:

The teacher invites the children to quickly name objects that fly when he says the word “flies”

, and then name objects that do not fly when he says the word
“does not fly
.

1. “Call it in one word”

Games of this kind develop the ability to classify, generalize, expand horizons and expand vocabulary.

The task is for the child to name a group of objects in one word.

You can offer your child ready-made cards with images or simply say a chain of words.

Examples:

"Closet, chest of drawers, sofa, chair"

- furniture.

"Bus, steamship, tram, motorcycle"

- transport.

"Anna, Elena, Maria, Olga"

- female names.

4."Association"

People form associative connections from an early age. The type of thinking and memory capabilities directly depend on them. This game teaches children to separate essential and secondary properties of an object.

Before you play, explain the task to your preschooler: “I’ll tell you the words. The first will be the main one. From the rest you need to choose those that the main word cannot do without.”

Examples:

Space (satellite, spacesuit, Moon, stars)

.

Bird (wing, tree, spring, park, eggs)

.

River (fish, water, boat, fishing rod, birds, ball)

.

5.“Guess it!”

Like the previous exercise, this game is a linguistic one, that is, it forms verbal and logical thinking in children. Invite your child to imagine himself as some object in the room and give it a description so that you can guess what it is about. If he finds it difficult, start first. You can ask additional questions like: “What color is the object?”

,
"Where is?"
The answers of children 6-7 years old are sometimes very funny and thoughtful: “Plastic, rectangular, glass in front, can tell interesting stories” (TV, or: “Iron, with a spout, can whistle”
(kettle)
.

2. "Who lives where?"

For this game, prepare pictures of animals (squirrel, hedgehog, bunny)

or their figures and three houses
(cubes or boxes will do)
of different colors.

Assignment: the child needs to place each animal in its own house, provided that the squirrel’s house was neither red nor green, and the hedgehog lived neither in a blue nor in a red house.

This is a simplified version. In a complicated task, the child does not have to model the situation, and all substitutions must be made in his mind.

For example: “There were three trees growing near the house - an apple tree, a chestnut tree and a willow tree. The chestnut is taller than the willow, and the willow is taller than the apple tree. Which tree is the tallest and which is the shortest?

If it’s difficult for a preschooler, ask him to draw trees.

7. Joke problems

Entertaining joke problems can be an excellent warm-up before complex exercises. To solve them, resourcefulness, an understanding of humor and the life experience accumulated by the child will be useful.

1. How many pies are there in an empty plate? (Not at all, it's empty)

.

2. Three horses ran 4 km. How many kilometers did each horse run? (4 km each)

.

3. One aspen grew 3 apples, and the other grew 4. How many apples in total did the two aspens grow? (None. Apples don’t grow on aspens)

.

4. There were 3 carnations and 2 cornflowers in the vase. How many carnations are there in the vase? (3)

. The development of children and their acquisition of new skills cannot occur in a passive form. To do this, you need to constantly work with the baby, make his brain work, and enrich the baby’s life experience. And remember, any educational tasks for preschoolers should be in a playful form, otherwise they will quickly get boring and will not give the desired result.

Preparation

First you need to choose the right material. Typically, a metal rod of round or square cross-section, reinforcement or rolled strip with a width of no more than 25 mm is used. To make an external frame, a corner with a width of at least 25 mm is required. If you are a fan of sophistication, then you can also buy ready-made forged figures (ornaments) sold in building materials stores. You must first draw up a rough sketch of the future product. The best option is hinged grilles that can be locked from the inside; This design will not only protect against penetration into the home, but also guarantee rapid evacuation in case of fire. Hinges will be required for hinged grilles. Also prepare tools and additional materials: – welding (electric or gas); – a grinder with cutting wheels for metal; – a hammer drill (drill) and a drill for installing pins; - hammer; – primer and paint.

Which wood varnish do you prefer?

Water-based wood varnishes are single-component. These are the longest-drying compositions among all types of wood coatings. They can be diluted with water, are simple to apply, and are suitable for all types of work. Polyurethane-based varnishes are inexpensive and dry quickly. They come in both one- and two-component types. Some of them require advance priming of the surface to be treated. These compositions are diluted with solvents, and as a result they have a rather strong odor. Preferably used in furniture production. Among the disadvantages of these wood processing products, we can note the presence of harmful substances. Nitrovarnishes are made on the basis of cellulose. This is probably the most famous type of varnish, due to its short drying time and low cost. But these compositions have significant drawbacks: low stability to abrasion and ultraviolet radiation, acceptable peeling. Acrylic varnishes are more expensive than their counterparts, but are often used in furniture production due to their good light fastness, durability, and high-quality gloss. These compositions take an extremely long time to dry, which does not prevent them from being the most famous among those who are passionate about decoupage. Polyester-based varnishes are used quite rarely due to the difficulty of application and high toxicity. They are sprayed in the form of an aerosol and require special tools. These compositions are used in the manufacture of musical instruments because they are capable of creating a fairly thick layer of coating.

Method 1: Ask questions

Children are very curious. From an early age they show interest in studying the world around them. And the most accessible way to learn new things is to ask questions. They make you think about something, analyze it and draw a conclusion. That is, they develop critical thinking.

To encourage your child to ask questions and think about answers, lead by example. Ask your child how he solved the problem, what he made the craft from, and why he chose such paints for the drawing. This will help the child learn not only to talk about what he did, but also to think about why he did it, why and whether he could have done it differently. It will also show that even the simplest action or game has many meanings.

"What kind of animal is that? Why does a kangaroo have such a big tail? What does a kangaroo carry in its pouch? — try asking questions, and not just admiring and praising: “Wow! How beautifully you drew the kangaroo!”

Teach children to ask questions and encourage their curiosity. And if you don't know the answer, admit it and offer to find it together. And if the situation allows, do not immediately search on the Internet. Start by asking a teacher or someone you know to reinforce the value of human connection.

Get even more advice from expert teachers in free courses for parents from Skysmart School. There we will tell you how to study with pleasure and without stress, how to stop worrying about what your child is doing on the Internet, how to help your child decide on a profession. Join us!