Methodological approaches to modeling teeth from plastic materials

L. M. Lomiashvili Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of Omsk State Medical Academy

S. G. Mikhailovsky intern at Omsk State Medical Academy

S. V. Vaits postgraduate student of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of Omsk State Medical Academy

“Going there, I don’t know where, and doing something, I don’t know what” is a difficult task! This applies to almost all areas of our lives, including dentistry. Even if you imagine the future design of the tooth being restored, your hands do not always reproduce the correctness of its shape and volume.

Students of the Faculty of Art and Graphics are taught that “one hundred still lifes must be written in order for the one hundred and first to turn out correctly”! Unfortunately, in universities, dental students are given limited knowledge about the shapes of teeth, and an insufficient number of hours are devoted to reproducing teeth from available materials (clay, plasticine, plastic). But the correctness of the newly created forms is the path to the solution to harmony!

The ability to correctly restore the shape of missing hard dental tissues in clinical dentistry is of paramount importance.

The dentist's hands are the main tool for modeling teeth! You can develop this skill through artistic modeling classes.

The purpose of the classes: development of visual memory, manual skills, creative thinking and the ability to perceive shapes in space. Anyone who wants to know the stages of recovery can begin the first exercises with a minimum of conditions - material and simple tools.

Dental modeling is a creative process where, in addition to knowledge of anatomy, there must be freedom to choose the material from which models can be created. Before you begin, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic properties of the materials and choose which one suits you best.

When cutting out a form from hard materials: wood, stone and others , the sculptor gradually, step by step, cuts off the material, freeing the form contained in it. This technique is widely used in therapeutic dentistry, for example, at the stage of competition of the filling surface.

Modeling is the making of sculpture from soft materials. For modeling, you can choose any material that has plasticity. It can be plasticine, sculpture clay, plastic, wax.

Soothe the pain

In order to clean the cavity of the hole from bacteria and thereby soothe the pain, purchase the drug “Santedents”. It is easy to use, and the results in the initial stages of caries can be pleasing. Finding this drug in a regular pharmacy is quite problematic. But you can buy everything on the Internet.

1. Santedents powder is sold complete with a special solvent. Following the instructions, mix both components until you obtain a mixture that resembles clay in consistency.
2. Brush your teeth thoroughly with regular toothpaste. Pay special attention to the location of the future filling. It will be better if you clean them several times.
3. After this, brush your teeth with a mixture of baking soda and toothpaste.
4. Place a small amount of mixture into the hole to close its cavity. Gently compact it with your fingers or a special spatula.
5. In order for the product to stick and not be influenced by harmful microorganisms, cover the “sealed” tooth with thick petroleum jelly or vegetable oil.
6. Now the hardest part awaits you. You will need to walk with your mouth open for 30 minutes. This is not very easy to do, but the result is worth it. During this time, the mixture is compacted into the tooth.
7. After 6-8 hours, the “seal” can be removed. You cannot eat during this time. Therefore, we recommend performing this procedure at night.
8. If after using Santedents the pain subsides, you have done everything right. It happens that after a while she returns. Then put the “seal” again.

Now you can give yourself a permanent filling. We will discuss below how to fill a tooth at home.

Causes of tooth crown loss

Before looking for ways to glue a temporary prosthesis, let’s figure out why it fell out. There may be several reasons for this:

• hard and sticky foods (chewing candies, nuts);
• the end of the service life of the cement on which the crown was previously glued;
• habit of chewing hard objects (pens, pencils);
• formation of deposits on the edges of the crown;
• low teeth that do not allow the crown to attach well. (Specialists eliminate this drawback by using special resins in their work).

Installation of a permanent filling

If you decide to put a filling yourself, then you can use the Acrodent tooth filling material. The set includes 3 tubes and 2 bottles of cleaner. It should be remembered that if a tooth hurts, you cannot work on it without first cleaning it. In addition to Acrodent, you will need:

• hair dryer;
• dental spatulas (they are often included with the material, but can be purchased separately);
• cotton swabs.

Making a filling

1. We brush our teeth in the same way as in the first case.
2. Mix the components of the kit as written in the instructions. You should get an elastic mixture that resembles dough. You need to work with it quickly enough: after 5 minutes it will polymerize and harden like stone.
3. Using a spatula, seal the bottom of the hole. To make the mixture more dense, tamp it with your finger.
4. Use a hairdryer to dry the filling. We wipe away any drool with cotton swabs.
5. We repeat the procedure with applying the material. Now you need to walk around with your mouth open for 10 minutes. During this time, the unpleasant odor of the acid contained in the solvent will completely disappear.
6. After just 10 minutes, the filling will harden, but the hardening process will continue for up to 6 hours. During this period you will have to refrain from eating food.
7. The filling is ready. If this tooth starts to hurt in a couple of weeks or months, a visit to the dentist is inevitable. Otherwise, you can pay at least a tooth.

Feeling discomfort from the prosthesis

It is also possible to feel discomfort in the mouth after installing a denture:

• Problems with pronunciation.
• Increased salivation.
• A feeling of something foreign in the mouth.
• Rubbing of the gums and the inside of the cheek.

Usually these phenomena go away after 10–15 days, but if the discomfort persists for a long time, you should go to a specialist for a more precise fit of the prosthetic structure and eliminate problems with dental prosthetics.

Precautionary measures

Unfortunately, the manufacturers of these products cannot guarantee a successful result. After all, the lion's share of success lies in correct dental diagnosis. By filling an insufficiently cleaned tooth, you create a place in its middle for various infections that multiply very quickly. An inflamed nerve cannot be saved in this way either. Therefore, it is best to monitor your dental health and have regular dental examinations. Then there will be no neglected problems and exorbitant expenses.

Procedure

• Grasp the tooth, cover it with a sterile bandage, and pull. Keep shaking it. You can use forceps, pliers, tweezers.
• Do not squeeze the tooth too hard to prevent it from cracking.
• From time to time, try to pull it firmly, but without jerking, so as not to break off part of the root and cause an inflammatory process.
• Act smoothly, rocking the tooth and periodically trying to pull it out. Jerking is unacceptable, as you can damage the gum or break the root. Then it is no longer possible to do without the help of a surgeon.

After successful extraction:

• Place a sterile swab on the hole for half an hour.
• Remove it without disturbing the formed clot.
• Do not eat for three hours.
• Monitor the condition of the gums in the injured area, rinse your mouth with vodka, potassium permanganate solution, hydrogen peroxide or other disinfectant.
• You can use a decoction of oak bark to speed up healing and reduce pain.

To remove a tooth root you need to prepare:

• Spitting container;
• Antiseptics;
• Pain reliever;
• Gauze Swabs and pads;
• Mirror.

These tips should not be resorted to if it is possible to turn to a professional, since root extraction is a rather serious and risky operation.

Methods of dental restoration: how to make dentures at home

Prosthetics is a popular dental service that helps restore the beauty and charm of a smile. Insufficient care, non-compliance with doctor's recommendations and mechanical damage lead to the formation of cracks and chips. Of course, you need to immediately contact a dental technician, but false teeth can be damaged during vacation or a business trip. It is not surprising that many people wonder how to make dentures at home.

Repair of a dental product is carried out using dichloroethane glue, which is applied to the split lines to glue the parts together. This stage is not final, but preparatory, intended for performing precise subsequent manipulations - preparing the plaster casting and connecting the parts.

Professionals use acrylic plastic and special resins to glue the prosthesis, which can only be purchased at a dental store. Some craftsmen seal it with wax extracted from a slightly melted prosthesis. This approach is recognized by dentists as incorrect and unreliable - most likely, the repaired product will not last even a week.

When restoring false jaws at home, it is better to rely on the work of masters. What is the process of restoring a prosthesis?

1. Sanding. There should be no unevenness or roughness on the surface of all parts of the product. This is done using carborundum stones or discs.

2. Cleaning. Each element of the prosthesis is removed from contamination and disinfected.

3. Assembly. All parts of the product are arranged in the correct order close to each other -

so that there are no gaps.

4. Gluing. This stage requires maximum care and concentration - an unsuccessful attempt to connect parts will lead to the fact that the product will finally become unusable.

If the prosthesis is repaired incorrectly, it is usually necessary to replace it with a new one. This is due to the fact that fresh lines by which the master could identify the break disappear and restoration becomes impossible. Buying a new prosthesis is much more expensive than repairing it. Therefore, before preparing to repair it yourself, it is better to think several times: is it worth the risk? Still, high-quality restoration of such a product can only be done by professionals.

In what cases can a fallen crown be put back?

Re-fixation of a permanent crown is possible if the following conditions are simultaneously present:

• if the supporting tooth is intact, has no chips or cracks,
• there is no need to treat/grind the tooth,
• if the prosthesis is not damaged or only slightly damaged: a small chip of ceramic on the metal “cap” can be restored.

It is also possible to reinstall a fallen temporary plastic or composite prosthesis. But all of the above conditions must also be met.

“A month and a half ago, I began to notice that the dental crown was moving out or seemed to be tilting. There was still no time to get to the doctor, and somehow I didn’t attach much importance. And while celebrating my sister’s birthday, I felt like I was chewing something wrong in my mouth. It turned out that the crown fell off while eating! I put it on a napkin and in my pocket. And the next day I went to the dentist. He examined everything, took an x-ray and said that we can glue it back and walk like this for a year or two.”

Alexander, review from the site irecommend.ru

Is it possible to fill a tooth yourself: how to make a filling with your own hands at home?

A limited budget often prevents filling a hole in a tooth in a dental clinic on time. The longer the hole remains open, the higher the risk of complications. The cavity and area of ​​carious lesions increase in size, and dental tissues are completely destroyed over time.

If you don’t have enough money to go to the dentist and there are no concomitant oral diseases, you can solve the problem at home. Ready-made products from the pharmacy help you fill a tooth with your own hands at minimal cost.

Indications for prosthetics

The main indications for dentures are:

• loss of one or more teeth as a result of illness, injury,
• serious defects in the dentition - chips, cracks, wide gaps between teeth,
• unstoppable erosion of tooth enamel,
• destruction of the crown of one or more teeth.

Some indications are subjective - for example, aesthetic defects such as uneven teeth, slight darkening or natural yellowness of the enamel. In such cases, there is often a desire to improve aesthetics, make teeth smoother, more uniform and more beautiful.

In all cases, the doctors at the Dental Master clinic will help you gain beauty and self-confidence, as well as restore chewing ability. We perform all types of prosthetics - quickly, efficiently and at affordable prices.

Filling teeth at home: benefits

In the absence of pain and carious lesions, you can fill a tooth at home without going to the doctor. Self-installation of a filling helps:

• Reduce waste of time and money. A “homemade” filling is much cheaper than one placed by a doctor in a clinic. The procedure takes no more than an hour and does not require changing your usual schedule.
• Save the damaged tooth. There are dentists who still prefer radical methods to modern treatment. By filling the hole yourself, you can avoid removal and subsequent costs for prosthetics.
• Prevent infection. Regardless of the level of the clinic, there is no complete confidence in the quality and compliance with instrument processing techniques. The devices used at home are absolutely sterile.
• Avoid stress. The need to visit a dentist simply frightens most adults. The home filling method helps eliminate the problem without discomfort.

Teeth are filled at home if there are no contraindications to the procedure. If it is possible to obtain advice from a competent specialist, it is advisable to use the services of a professional dentist.

Implantation options

1. Installation of one implant per installation of one tooth.
2. Installation of two implants if 2 adjacent teeth are lost.
3. Installation of two or three implants for the loss of three teeth. After an examination, the doctor determines the required number of implants based on the gap between the teeth and other factors.
4. In case of complete absence or absence of a large number of teeth, the doctor may offer different implantation options. For example, Trefoil technology, all-on-6, basal implantation or dental prosthetics on 4 implants - the cost will directly depend on the number of implants installed, as well as on the prosthesis, which will be installed immediately after implantation (on 1-3 days).

Contraindications

Before self-treatment, it is recommended to make sure that the source of pain is the tooth, and not the soft tissues of the oral cavity or neoplasms. The latter means:

• abscess;
• cysts;
• tumor formations;
• granulomas, etc.

If the dental nerve (pulp) is inflamed and there is intense pain, it is prohibited to close the hole with a filling. Absolute contraindications to the procedure are dental and systemic diseases.

Installation of filling material is allowed if there is mild pain and a deep cavity without darkening. The initial stages of caries are regarded as a contraindication, along with advanced carious processes. Otherwise, under a permanent filling, the disease develops faster, affecting dental tissue, dentin, and nerves.

If intense pain occurs, it is recommended to apply hygienic paste with fluoride to the chewing surface of the tooth before the procedure. Its composition has a calming effect and fills microcracks. It is prohibited to instill alcohol solutions into a carious cavity. The drug causes destruction of the nerve and soft tissues, provokes decomposition and necrosis.

If the hole is small, the filling must be placed by a doctor. It is impossible to fill the hole completely on your own. This allows food particles to become trapped and bacteria to grow in the open cavity.

Toothpick swing

A very interesting, simple and original idea for those who love miniatures or want to make a gift for their significant other. For this we only need 7 toothpicks, a swing chain and cardboard.

What are we doing. To make the blank, we need to make two side swing stands in the shape of the letter “A”. Super glue or a glue gun will help to secure the model very conveniently and firmly.

Then we simply place the crossbar in the form of the last toothpick and secure the workpiece on the cardboard. We put a chain on the crossbar and glue a piece of cardboard. Which will serve as a swing bench.

If you want to decorate the fake, you can add artificial cut grass from paper or a plastic cocktail straw.

On the bench itself you can write “LOVE” and sign who the gift is from, or draw two hearts, which symbolizes love. There are a lot of ideas, you just have to show your imagination.

Tsivinsky method

The Tsivinsky method is the fastest and most affordable way to place a temporary (therapeutic) filling in a damaged tooth. It involves the use of the patented Santedex powder, which is freely available for sale in pharmacies. To seal a tooth with the mixture:

1. Prepare the solution according to the instructions. The product is mixed with a small amount of liquid from the kit to form clay.
2. Clean the oral cavity and the filling area. The teeth are cleaned with hygienic paste, and the carious canal is additionally treated. To prevent saliva from entering and increase the strength of the filling, Vaseline or vegetable oil is applied to the installation site.

Within 30 minutes, the paste will be absorbed into the tissue and distributed along the carious canal. It is more convenient to place a filling before going to bed so that the powder performs its healing function overnight. In the morning, the material is removed and a permanent filling is placed in the hole.

The procedure can be repeated several times if pain reappears. User reviews show that temporary fillings using the Tsivinsky method help to significantly improve the condition of teeth recommended for removal. More details about the effectiveness of the drug are described in specialized literature.

According to the creator, Santedex powder can be used for any degree of tooth decay. The product provides a double effect:

1. relieves inflammation;
2. disinfects the area.

After removing the temporary filling, the cavity must be immediately filled with a permanent one if there is no pain. Painful sensations accompany inflammation of the nerve (pulpitis) and require treatment of the disease in a dental clinic.

Fake umbrella made from toothpicks

For this idea we will need 9 toothpicks, super glue, colored threads. First, make a small ball of plasticine into which you will stick toothpicks, forming a conditional “snowflake” with the letter “F”.

Place one toothpick on the bottom of the ball (in the center), which will play the role of an umbrella handle. Then we simply tie a thread onto one of the ends and hide the tail under the plasticine. We wind the thread like a spider weaves a web.

If desired, you can add different threads, or even make a specific pattern. A very interesting and original fake for parties, beach themes or holiday themed miniatures!

Children's crafts

Working with toothpicks is a great fine motor practice at any age. And for kids, this is also a wonderful exercise for developing associative thinking. Of course, it is worth taking care of the safety of little artists, because careless manipulations with toothpicks, which have very sharp ends, can be dangerous.

When choosing crafts made from toothpicks as a creative debut for children, pay attention to the first way of working with them, which involves sticking pointed sticks into a three-dimensional base. In this capacity, you can use figures made of foam plastic, plasticine, clay or salt dough, natural material (nuts, pods, cones, etc.) and even fresh vegetables, fruits and berries.

Two-stage technique

However, it is worth noting that such a modern method is much more expensive than all others. But it is convenient for both sides of the recovery process. A difference of 30-60% can be quite large. At the same time, some dentists claim that there is no big difference in the procedure for restoring teeth between the laser method and the rest.

Surely you will also be interested in the answer to the question: which dental implants are better?

Advantages of the method:

• This type of implantation in dentistry has a history of more than half a century, and extensive experience has been accumulated to minimize the risks of possible failures (implant rejection and other complications);
• A large number of implantologists know the method, so it is usually not a problem to find a suitable clinic and specialist in almost any more or less large city;
• A wide range of implant brands is available - from budget Chinese to premium models (German, Swiss);
• High aesthetics are achieved, since great attention is paid to the formation of the gum contour around the crown;
• Classic implants can be used to support almost any denture (single crown, bridge, and even a complete conditionally removable denture).

Disadvantages of the classical two-stage dental implantation method:

• The entire procedure takes a long time – from the moment of tooth extraction to the moment of installation of a permanent crown on the implant, it can take six months or more;
• Often, bone tissue augmentation is required, which means additional money and time (for example, a sinus lift operation will cost approximately 15-30 thousand rubles);
• Relatively traumatic installation of implants - the gum is cut, then a hole is drilled into the bone for the implant. Many patients perceive the very fact of drilling a bone in panic.

However, it is two-stage implantation using classic implants that is one of the most commonly used types of dental implantation today, allowing a huge number of people around the world to restore the beauty of their smile and the ability to chew food normally.

When Removal is Required

Doctors recommend removal if:

• The tooth is destroyed to such an extent that filling will not solve the problem;
• With exacerbation of osteomyelitis;
• In the inflammatory process associated with infection;
• With advanced periodontitis;
• If the tooth is positioned incorrectly;
• If the jaw is damaged;
• With severe looseness;
• If a dental unit interferes with prosthetics;
• With severe caries damage.

There are rules to minimize the consequences of self-removal of a problematic tooth.

No bone growth

The method without tissue extension is one of the latest developments in the field of dental restoration. It dates back no more than ten years. Even if there is not enough bone tissue, this type of restoration is possible through the use of special installation technology, as well as special implants.

This type has a large number of positive properties:

• the possibility of installation on a jaw that has absolutely no teeth and has minimal tissue mass;
• the possibility of carrying out the procedure immediately upon completion of the tooth extraction procedure;
• the final cost of a complete restoration will be significantly lower than other types, due to fewer visits to the doctor;
• this type does not depend on the blood circulation in the gum;
• The installation period for a temporary crown is three days.

Intraosseous type, which is also known as endosseous implantation. This method is the most progressive and effective. The greatest advantage is the method of inserting teeth - it is a natural insertion of the implant into the bone tissue, which contributes to better survival. However, if there is a lack of alveolar ridge height, tissue augmentation will be necessary.

Bone grafting is a procedure used when there is insufficient bone volume in which an implant is planned to be placed. It is used to avoid tissue atrophy near the implant and to protect against exposure of its root part.

There are three methods of bone grafting:

1. Autogenous transplantation.
2. Guided tissue regeneration using bone tissue of natural origin (for example, animals).
3. Scientific and technological revolution using synthetic materials.

With all these methods, special barrier membranes are used to prevent the transplanted bone from coming into contact with the mucosa. They are placed on the transplanted material and the mucous membrane is sutured.

You can find out what bone grafting is and how this procedure is performed here.

Did part of your tooth break off or decay?

Always at your service - Sergey Samsakov, orthopedic dentist with more than 10 years of successful experience, Moscow. Expert in 3D digital smile modeling, veneers and CEREC technology.

Patients come to me from all over Russia:

Pain relief during treatment

The most important question for a patient preparing for implantation is: does it hurt?

Any operation is performed using anesthesia, including implant installation. Thanks to modern drugs for local anesthesia, the patient practically does not feel pain during implantation.

For those who still experience panic fear before the procedure, as well as when implanting several teeth or bone augmentation at once, general anesthesia can be offered. Using inhalation or intravenous anesthesia, the patient is put to sleep and then implantation is performed using local anesthesia.

How much does the operation cost?

The cost of implantation can vary not only within different techniques, but also within the same type, it all depends on individual factors and procedures that are included in the process of tooth restoration. But it is worth noting that there is no big difference in restoring one tooth using different methods, the only expensive method is laser, but it is worth it when you consider that you get a painless procedure with the shortest possible healing period.