Anti-freezing street taps and hydrants: operating principle and installation diagram

It's probably no secret that utility bills have increased significantly recently. And in this situation, many people are thinking about effective means and ways to save gas, water and electricity.

The modern market for equipment for the utility sector is now well saturated with all kinds of devices to reduce the consumption of electricity, gas and water. Therefore, it is sometimes quite difficult for an ordinary person to choose just one device option to reduce energy consumption.

Today we would like to present to your attention a device for reducing water consumption, which is called an aerator. In this article we will talk in detail about the properties and functional purpose of water aerators, their installation on various types of shut-off valves, and also describe the process of creating this device with your own hands.

2 Device
3 How it works
4 Advantages
5 How to do it yourself

How to do something yourself, with your own hands - home craftsman website

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With the onset of autumn frosts, problems with water appear in summer cottages. Even with running water, it becomes impossible to use ordinary garden taps; they have to be turned off. Installing anti-freeze taps will solve this problem. And if you have a warm underground, you can use them all winter.

In late autumn, summer residents, as a rule, turn off street taps - otherwise the first serious frost will defrost them, and new ones will need to be installed next year. But water is often needed on the site at this time.

Of course, if necessary, it can be taken from a home water supply that has not yet been disconnected: connect the hose in the house and extend it outside. But this, of course, is not very convenient.

To turn the water supply on and off, you will have to go to the house and back several times, cool it down and carry dirt. You can hire someone from your household to operate the crane, but difficulties will probably arise here too.

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The solution to this problem will be to install a frost-resistant tap. It will regularly supply water to the street when the home water supply is running, even in frosty weather.

There are several principles of operation of such cranes. One of them is the extension of the rod that opens and closes the valve. Thanks to this, the tap itself can be located inside the house (for example, in a warm underground), and the tap head will be located outside. And there is no need to enter the house. Cranes of a similar design are produced, for example, by the Finnish company Oras.

When purchasing such cranes, in order not to make a mistake with the length of the rod, you need to know exactly the thickness of the foundation or wall of the house. And to provide some working space, a few centimeters should be added to this size.

Another operating principle of antifreeze taps was developed by the German company Meibes. So. The SEPP-Eis tap is made specifically for outdoor use at low temperatures.

When water freezes, it is known that its volume increases by approximately 10%. An automatic valve (compensator) built into the faucet tube absorbs this expansion and prevents it from breaking the faucet. This allows you not to turn off or drain external household taps during the winter. They will work properly until the water supply is turned off. The installation of all types of such cranes is approximately the same.

Rating of the best manufacturers

In order not to complain about the quality of products, it is necessary to purchase models of attachments from well-known manufacturers who value their reputation.

The ranking of the best companies is presented by the following manufacturers:

Oras is a Finnish company. The product range of this company includes brass and ceramic models.
Grohe is a brand from Germany. It is famous for its quality products, achieved through high control and rejection during the production process.
Jacob Delafon is a well-known French manufacturer that produces devices with a service life of up to 10 years. But high quality products are accompanied by a high price, from 6,000 rubles and above.

The listed companies have earned high places on the list due to the excellent quality of their products.

Specifications

A few decades ago, tap water was not supplied to residential buildings, and in order to solve the issue of water supply, there was a manual water pump on the street, which at the moment can only be found in a tree. An outdoor standpipe is a structure that is needed for water, and its supply is carried out through the pipes of a central system. Such a device consists of two or three structural elements.

Ejector - it is a type of pump with a jet type of water supply. It is located inside the body of the water intake structure and is required in order to pump out the remaining water from the rod.
Valve systems are a working unit, which is made of cast iron or steel, into which the ejector is mounted. The valve design will be made collapsible, and if required, it will not only be replaced, but will also be suitable for carrying out repair work - replacing seals.
Pipes for water lifting - located in the body of the structure itself for pumping water and are a guide for supplying tap water. Its diameter will be 1.5 cm or more - the speed of water passage will depend on the size of this parameter.
A metal column with a lever is the column body itself, the approximate diameter of which will be at least 9 cm. This design is made of cast iron or steel so that they can withstand temperature changes and large mechanical loads. The outside of the column must be painted with powder paints to protect the metal from corrosion.

In certain regions with cold climates, the tap water column is heated by means of an electric cable, which heats the metal column body to a temperature of zero.

Option one: install two taps

The pipe between the taps will be insulated using any available method. The easiest way is a polypropylene tube. This section of pipe passing through the wall should be at a slight slope towards the street. In this case, if you turn off the water on the internal tap, its remains will flow out of the external one, and you will have a dry external tap, which will not care about frost.

PHOTO: mtdata.ru The idea is to make two taps - one outside, and the second on the way to it from inside the house

PHOTO: mtdata.ru This circuit can be supplemented with a small piece of heating cable, which will be turned on on especially frosty days

Such a cable, whatever one may say, consumes at least 40 W per hour, so it is not advisable to keep it constantly on.

Disassembly of the structure

It is easy to disassemble the aerator for cleaning. You just need to remove the mesh gaskets placed in the housing one by one. But first of all, the rubber gasket is removed and its condition is assessed. Cleaning consists of high-quality washing of the elements, removing dirt, suspended matter, and other particles.

The most effective way to remove all excess from the mesh is with an old toothbrush. And if something cannot be removed, you can use a wooden toothpick. Mineral deposits are eliminated with a dissolving acidic medium (for example, if you soak the filters for 30 minutes in apple cider vinegar). Rust is removed with special chemicals.

Features of winter water supply

The problems of protecting the faucet from freezing and the inevitable gust concern both summer residents, residents of cottage villages, and entrepreneurs, owners of agricultural and industrial enterprises, who are in charge of water mains with hydrants facing the street. In regions with consistently low temperatures and long winter seasons, resolving the issue is especially important.

Gradually, the valves of watering taps at temperatures below 0°C become iced up, the water freezing in the pipes, according to the laws of physics, increases in volume, leading to rupture of individual sections of the main line.

To avoid damage, it is necessary to insulate areas of potential water freezing, lower the pipe below the soil freezing level, or place it in warm rooms. Even the measures taken only partially solve the problem, since street taps remain at risk of destruction and, accordingly, they will not be able to provide water supply.

Water in the yard is also needed in winter, for filling the skating rink, for example.
Street needs for watering taps remain in any season. In winter, there is a need to fill a slide for children in the local area, organize an ice rink, wash a car in an open area, etc.

Carrying water the old fashioned way with watering cans or pulling a rubber hose from the house are not the most comfortable or practical ways to deliver water outside in the cold. helps to cope with the difficulties of winter water supply .

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How does an aerator work and why does it save water?

The device gets its name from the process it creates. “Aeration” translated from Greek means “air”, and the process itself is the natural saturation of water flows with air.

It is carried out by passing bubbles through a liquid.

Due to the fact that during the aeration process the air is in close contact with water, the stream is more uniform and at the same time soft

The main purpose of the aerator attachment on the faucet is to reduce water consumption. According to some reports, using this simple device you can reduce water consumption by up to 50%. Without an aerator, water flows from the tap in a continuous stream.

And entering through the nozzle, saturated with air bubbles, the stream loses its elasticity, acquiring a seething appearance. A soft spray of water does not splash, hitting the walls of the sink or dishes, but smoothly washes them.

This technology is not new. But over the decades it has undergone a number of changes. The first models of aerators were devices in the form of metal disks equipped with holes. But despite the presence of a protective screen, such devices quickly clogged and failed.

Modern models of nozzles are equipped with perforated discs, the holes of which are much larger, and multi-stage filtration systems.

Despite the fact that modern nozzles have larger hole sizes, they also become clogged over time with limescale deposits that are present in tap water.

Modern models are designs that include three main elements:

The housing, made of plastic or metal, protects the structure from mechanical damage.
A modular system in the form of a slotted cartridge with slots or a disk reflector with small holes is responsible for mixing water with air and at the same time acts as a water limiter.
A sealing ring made of dense rubber ensures sealing of the connection between the nozzle and the water tap.

The filter of the device is a set of fine-mesh meshes placed in a cylindrical glass sequentially one after another. The first two layers carry out rough water purification and at the same time set the direction of the stream, the next ones mix water with air.

The designs of aerators from different manufacturers may vary slightly. In the simplest models, the nozzle takes the form of a plastic liner; in more expensive modernized devices, it is a multi-stage mesh filter.

The flow of water, passing through thin cracks, crashes into the disk and breaks into tiny droplets, which, in turn, mix with air

The nozzle is fixed to the mixer using a threaded connection. On sale you can find nozzles with both an internal thread with a diameter of 22 mm and an external cross-section of 24 mm. They are designed for installation on bathtub, washbasin and kitchen sink faucets.

When installing an aerator on a faucet, the consumer’s only task is to determine, when purchasing a nozzle, which thread is provided on the faucet.

If the faucet spout is not equipped with a thread, it will be possible to install the aerator only after replacing the mixer.

Additional features

In addition to the fact that the saver allows, according to manufacturers, to reduce water costs by up to 60%, it is also endowed with other abilities.
Most often, advertisements claim that the flowing stream is disinfected with ions, filtered, and enriched with valuable properties. However, the nozzle is made of low-grade metal, which is not able to make the water either cleaner or healthier. It also contains plastic particles, the healing properties of which have also not been scientifically proven. However, the device also has one pleasant nuance: by shifting the slot aerator, you can create a regular stream or a spray one.

The device can be in two positions alternately, so washing dishes or brushing your teeth will be twice as fun. There are also more expensive backlit options. The water will be red or blue depending on whether it is hot or cold. However, this aerator function does not affect water saving in any way.

Scheme 1: two ball valves

1 – American ball valve, 2 – pipe with insulation, 3 – ball valve. /Photo: novate.ru.

The essence of the first scheme is to install two ball valves on one tube. The first crane is installed outdoors. The second tap is installed indoors. The pipe in the wall must be insulated. Polypropylene is used for this. It is strongly recommended to route the pipe through the wall so that it is at a slight slope towards the street. This will prevent water from accumulating in the plumbing elements after use.

1 – American ball valve, 2 – pipe with insulation and wire, 3 – ball valve. /Photo: novate.ru.

The design can also be modernized by adding a heating cable to the polypropylene insulation, which is powered from a regular outlet. However, you need to take into account that such heating will consume almost 40 W per hour.

What materials are they made from?

The following materials are used to make nozzles:

Plastic is the most inexpensive option. Plastic devices have a short service life and are sensitive to water quality.
Metal – made of steel, bronze or brass alloys. Steel models are susceptible to corrosion, which significantly reduces operating time. Bronze or brass products are more durable and less sensitive to the presence of impurities in water.
Ceramics are the most expensive products, characterized by a long service life.

When choosing a product based on the material it is made of, the consumer must take into account that the quality of the nozzle and its durability depend on this.

Features of the design of mixers with a thermostat

Modern technologies make using the mixer simpler and more convenient. Devices equipped with a thermostat are gradually gaining popularity. What distinguishes them from a conventional faucet is the presence of a thermocouple that controls the flow of hot and cold water to bring the flow to a predetermined temperature. A handle is mounted outside, with which the temperature indicators are set. Another lever regulates the water pressure coming from the spout.

Water faucets with a temperature sensor are very convenient to use. Using the valve, only the pressure of the water flow is regulated, and the temperature value can be set in advance

Read more about this type of faucets in the article: Faucet with a thermostat: design and principle of operation + example of self-installation.

TOP 3 best models

We present the rating of the best attachments, compiled according to consumer reviews:

HP-1055 is an aerator that allows you to regulate the pressure.
Adjustment is made with a screw at the bottom of the housing. Installed on an external thread with a diameter of 24 mm. Consumers note small but stable savings. Cost – 500 rub.
HYDROSAVE is a device for saving, softening and filtering water. Suitable for most faucets. Provides the ability to rotate 360 degrees. According to consumers, it is a high-quality and convenient model that is easy to clean. Cost – 690 rubles;
Water Saver is a touch-screen model that is a top seller in many online stores.
The water is turned on and off using a photocell. Suitable for all types of taps. For correct operation, it requires simultaneous installation of a check valve. According to users, it is a convenient and reliable device, which many can no longer do without. Costs 2950 rubles.

The above list does not pretend to be objective. The modern assortment is represented by a wide variety of models from numerous manufacturers, so it is difficult to imagine a clear TOP preference.

Crane installation

When installing a crane, you need to make a hole in the foundation or wall - this is probably the hardest part of the job. And connecting a tap to the water supply network is not much different from installing a regular tap. When drilling a hole in a foundation wall, it is advisable to point the drill slightly upward (when drilling outside the house).

This will not only prevent water from entering the house from the outside, but will also ensure that the tap drains and is used all winter - as long as there is no water in the pipe, there is nothing to freeze. In the summer, this tap will also come in handy - for watering.

Tips for choosing

When choosing a water tap, you should follow the conditions in which you plan to operate the device and the requirements for functionality:

If you plan to regulate the media flow, then ball mechanisms are not the most suitable solution; in the half-closed position they quickly wear out.
Plastic (polyethylene or polypropylene) models are cheaper, but are inferior in strength and service life to their steel counterparts.
Pay attention to the weight of the device. The heavier, the more internal parts are made of steel, which means the better the quality.
The sizes of pipes and inlet pipes of the faucet must match.

When purchasing, the type of installation is also taken into account.

Product replacement

Here are brief instructions on how to change a pressure tap. First you need to prepare some containers for water for the most unforeseen situations.

If there is a toilet or sewer service hatch nearby, you can use them with a hose to drain the water.

Dismantling

As already mentioned, there is a high degree of risk in this process, since the base of the faucet may crack or even burst when unscrewed. This occurs due to strong water pressure.

The valve handle can be removed by unscrewing the fastening nut. Then you need to adjust the gas or adjustable wrench to the size of the faucet edges.

After adjusting the tool, you need to unscrew the tap in the opposite direction clockwise, while holding the riser outlet. The final turns of the thread can be unscrewed by hand, because further the unscrewing resistance will become easier.

After unscrewing the tap, you need to prepare some kind of container and hose so that there is somewhere to drain the water.

Devices for creating winter water supply

The main devices are:

pipes;
surface or submersible pump;
drain valve;
pressure switch;
hydraulic accumulator;
water heating cable.

Pipes for winter water supply

It is better to choose polypropylene pipes, because they have a number of advantages:

do not rust;
durable (up to 50 years);
low thermal conductivity;
low weight;
easy to install;
acoustically isolated.

Installation is performed by thermal welding, which ensures the integrity and safety of the entire system.

Surface or submersible pump for winter water supply

The best option would be to use a submersible pump. It supplies water well to the system and is economical.

You need to choose the brand yourself, which depends on the depth of the water source and the type.

Natural cooling of the engine is carried out automatically, and during operation it does not create any noise.

Drain valve for winter water supply

The valve is installed after the pump, and the water can be drained into a source or into a well.

You can build a bypass pipe instead of the drain valve. This option is good when the winter water supply is located near the house.

Pressure switch for winter water supply

The device is necessary to maintain the pressure in the water supply within a certain range.

When the maximum pressure is reached, the relay will turn off the pump. If the pressure drops to a minimum, the relay will close the contacts and the pump will resume operation.

Hydraulic accumulator for winter water supply

This device will protect the water supply from water hammer and stabilize the pressure.

If the electricity suddenly goes out, you will still have water, since the water that has accumulated in the tank will enter the system.

It is better to use a hydraulic storage tank with a membrane.

Winter water heater

In practice, storage water heaters cope best with this process.

The power and volume of the boiler must be selected based on your water consumption. Typically, for a family of 5 people, 100 liters with a power of 2.5 kW is enough.

If winter water supply is carried out near the house, then you will need a water heating cable. It can be placed in the basement or under the floor.

Let's sum it up

The Chinese market offers us water-saving aerators that can be made at home without much time and money. If you want to test the theory about reducing water use, it's best to make the device yourself. It will clearly show that it is possible to reduce the cost of housing and communal services only through rational consumption.

It's probably no secret that utility bills have increased significantly recently. And in this situation, many people are thinking about effective means and ways to save gas, water and electricity.

General information about the system

In this case, the system makes it possible to automatically drain water into a layer of soil that does not freeze during the cold season. Its design at first glance may seem somewhat primitive, and the installation is simple and elementary, but it still has its own characteristics associated with the specific supply of water from the well and well through pipes to the site or to the house.

Experts consider such a system to be an excellent addition to an expedient and economical well design, where the adapter replaces a more expensive caisson.

Installation

Below are general instructions that explain the principle of the anti-freeze system:

The connection of the antifreeze system must be made below the soil freezing level in the given area . It is better to find out about this from the district administration, where the corresponding maps should be available. For our climate zone, Merrill hydrants are manufactured in different lengths - 1890 mm and 2190 mm.
Securely close the device after installation with your own hands, after which you no longer have to worry about its possible failure due to exposure to too low temperatures . The hydrant is designed in such a way that the possibility of freezing of the mechanism is eliminated, so the watering tap and water supply system can be used all year round.

Layout diagram for watering tap

When installing an anti-freeze watering tap, you must be guided by the following conditions:

The length of the underground part of the device must correspond to the level of soil freezing and the characteristics of the soil on the site.
The height of the overhead part is determined by the requirements for ease of use; most often the range is 500-1000 mm.

Advice: the manufacturer does not give any specific requirements for the location of the Merrill hydrant; you can place the device either near the house or near the well.

Benefits of Merrill Devices

Let's take a closer look at the advantages of American-made anti-freeze hydrants:

Quality	By connecting the water supply device underground, its main elements are located below the soil freezing horizon. This allows the liquid to not freeze after it is supplied to the water supply system. The price depends on the length of the fence part of the device.
Simplicity	The instructions allow installation of the equipment in any place convenient for the customer. If necessary, the system can be attached to a well or well. Installation must be carried out taking into account the terrain. For example, we recommend placing the crane at a height that exceeds the level of the maximum possible snow layer in a given region. Then there will be no difficulties with operating the speaker in winter at sub-zero temperatures.
Compactness	The devices have small overall dimensions, which makes them easy to use and transport. They also do not cause trouble during installation work.
Maintainability	Any model is subject to restoration if a defect is discovered.

Anti-freeze hydrant models

E7504 - the model has an inlet and outlet made of brass, this guarantees high reliability of the material and virtually no abrasion during operation. Thanks to the use of stainless steel in the production of the rod, it is not subject to corrosion. The seal is Teflon, the plunger is self-lubricating, this ensures proper operation of the device and protection against leaks.
E7505 - brass inlet and outlet significantly reduces the possibility of damage to the hydrant when drawing water, this ensures a high flow rate and long service life of the equipment. The valve seal is Teflon, the plunger is secured with self-lubricating material. It is allowed to use the system at - 20˚С. The height of the overhead part is 670 mm.
E7506 - the description of the device corresponds to the previous model, only the underground rod is not 1520 mm, 1820 mm.

Reasons for repair work

Any equipment breaks down during use, especially intensive use.

Therefore, let’s look at why this happens in devices:

Valves and fastening points. You can purchase special components on the market that can be used to replace a failed part with a new one.
The plunger and rubber seals - their service life is 4-5 years, after which we recommend replacing them so that the hydrant works with minimal problems.

My conclusions

All these attachments can be useful in everyday life due to their functionality, even without taking into account water saving. When purchasing, evaluate the case material, build quality, and consumer reviews. Pay special attention to goods purchased through online stores.

Material	Characteristics
Extruded aluminum	Highly susceptible to mechanical stress and oxidation. Used in the production of cheap attachments with a short service life.
Plain or chrome steel	The metal is destroyed by water, but lasts a little longer than extruded aluminum.
Bronze, brass	Higher cost, longer service life.
Plastic	Inexpensive material, subject to mechanical stress. It has a low cost and a relatively long service life, subject to careful handling.
Ceramics	Used for the manufacture of internal elements of the aerator. The most durable and expensive material.

Newer models are constantly entering the market, featuring better characteristics and functionality.

For example, the Swedish company Altered has developed a nozzle that converts water into a stream of continuous fog. In this case, almost the entire stream falls on the hands/fruits/dishes. Only a small fraction of it flows past. This aerator saves up to 98% when washing.

It provides a second regular dialing mode. The Altered attachment may be of interest to many, but currently its price ranges from 31 euros or more.

The procedure for installing a faucet on a sink or washbasin

Installation of a water tap requires several screwdrivers of different sizes, wrenches, sealant for threaded connections and, of course, the tap itself.
Work begins by shutting off the water and draining the remainder from the pipe. The hoses connecting the faucet and the outlets of the water supply pipes are dismantled using a wrench of the appropriate size.
The next step is to loosen the nuts and washer securing the faucet to the sink or sink and remove the old product from the installation point along with the hoses.
When installing a new water tap, new hoses must be used. The threaded connection is sealed by winding a special tape or tow in the direction of screwing.
The new faucet is fastened to the installation site using the washer and nuts provided by the design, after threading the water supply hoses into the hole.
After installing the new product, it is connected to the water supply system, paying attention to the correspondence of the cold and hot water inputs and the tightness of the connections.
Connecting a new tap can be considered complete only after checking all joints of parts for leaks. If the order of work is not violated and the sealing was carried out thoroughly enough, then another stage of repair has been completed successfully.

Technology for cleaning and installing the device

The bath aerator works as a filter. If it is clogged, water simply will not pass through it. The reason for this may be the deposition of rust on the pipes and the accumulation of sand present in the water.

Dismantling the device

If cleaning is necessary or if a failed device is replaced with a new one, the first step is to dismantle the aerator. There are two edges on the nozzle body, located diametrically opposite to each other. Holding these edges between your fingers, the device must be rotated clockwise.

If rotation is difficult, use pliers or a wrench.

To prevent damage to the coating when unscrewing with pliers, wrap the outside of the aerator or the pliers themselves with a cotton napkin or electrical tape

The work should be performed as carefully as possible so as not to strip the threads or damage the surface of the product.

Disassembly of the structure

It is not difficult to disassemble the structure. You just need to gradually remove the plastic mesh with small cells placed sequentially in a cylindrical glass.

After removing the nozzle, carefully remove the rubber gasket and assess its condition. To remove the cylinder with filters, gently press on the mesh from the side where the water stream exits.

The mesh filter of the water spray nozzle tends to constantly become clogged with mineral salts and fine limescale deposits

You can disconnect the coarse filter by prying it through the slot in the side of the cylinder with the blade of a screwdriver. After removing the mesh filter from it, you need to disconnect the spherical mesh by carefully prying it off with the tip of a knife.

Cleaning the strainer

The dismantled screens must be cleaned of any remaining debris by rinsing with an old toothbrush.

If after washing there are still small particles left in the cells, the grids will have to be disconnected from each other and washed separately

You can achieve the desired result by using a mechanical method using a regular needle or wooden toothpick.

If contamination from the mesh filter cannot be removed mechanically, place the nozzle in a container with apple cider vinegar for half an hour. An acidic environment will easily dissolve all mineral deposits.

Treatment of elements with special chemical compounds intended for the care of earthenware plumbing equipment helps eliminate rust deposits.

Reassembly

Having cleaned all the elements, all that remains is to assemble the device and install it in its original place. When assembling the structure, it is important to follow one rule: lay the filter meshes in layers so that the wires that form the cells are located at an angle of 45° relative to each other.

Before installing the nozzle, do not forget to install the rubber washer. The device must be screwed counterclockwise without applying excessive force.

To check the operation of the device, open the water. If a leak is detected from under the nozzle head, slightly tighten the structure using pliers.

Illuminated aerators are connected using the same technology as traditional models. They do not require any additional power sources, since they are equipped with a generator that generates electricity independently.

The process of installing the aerator is clearly described in the video:

Installing an aerator has a noticeable effect on water pressure, so you can achieve significant savings. This is especially valuable when water meters are installed in the house.

Non-specialized information

The drain valve is a very ergonomic device, since thanks to it the container does not need to be turned over or lifted. In addition, draining is carried out carefully, without splashing liquid, which is also very important in some cases.

Inserting a tap into a barrel is a relatively simple procedure that every home craftsman can do. The only thing to emphasize is that this process greatly depends on the material from which the container is made.

Based on this, below we will look at how to embed a tap into a metal barrel and a plastic container.

Scam or truth - customer reviews

Consumer opinions about devices that save water using nozzles vary dramatically.

Approximately half of users are sure that such devices do not allow achieving a real reduction in consumption.

Many, on the contrary, agree that with the installation of such nozzles, consumption has decreased significantly.

In many ways, the efficiency of these devices depends on the quality provided by the manufacturer. Reviews can be found here and here.