How to make a convenient screen for sifting soil and sand with your own hands.

Homemade screen

Authorization on the site

My first electric screen was not entirely successful. However, the second, modified, began to meet all the planned requirements. Manufacturing required neither scarce materials nor highly qualified performers.

The structure consists of a base, racks, a frame with an electric motor, supports and ties. The dimensions shown in the drawings are indicative and may vary according to local needs and capabilities.

The base consists of two hollow bars, each of them is made of two boards connected through spacers. Holes with a diameter of 14 mm are drilled in the base bars.

To give the design oscillatory movements, I abandoned the gearbox with a ratchet due to the complexity of manufacturing and the strong noise it produces. Vibration is created by unbalancing the motor shaft. The eccentric is made from an ordinary wooden block. By selecting its shape and weight, the required frequency and amplitude of vibrations are achieved.

Pursuing further upgrades, I installed a device on the screen that automatically turns the engine on or off depending on the load on the frame. This allows you to eliminate idle operation, save energy and increase the service life of the structure as a whole.

Fig.3. Electrical circuit of the screen.

The automation works as follows. When loading, the frame lowers down and presses the S1 button. Its contacts close the electric motor circuit. It begins to rotate and shake the frame. At the first “failure” of the frame from vibration, she presses the S2 button. That, in turn, closes the power circuit of the electromagnetic relay, which is self-blocking with contacts K1, and with contacts K2 turns off the excitation (starting) winding of the engine. Thanks to the self-locking relay, the starting winding remains disconnected for the entire operating time. After sifting the material, the load is removed from the frame. It is pulled up by springs and opens button S1. The circuit returns to its original state.

The screen is stored disassembled in a room protected from moisture and snow.

Based on the experience of using my screen for two years, I would like to give some recommendations to those who want to make such a device. Firstly, it is advisable to pass the power wires from the circuit breaker mounted on the rack to the electric motor and mounted on the frame through the lower edge of the frame. Secondly, you should not make the frame too short. It is advisable to choose the spring attachment point as far as possible from the engine, which allows you to increase the amplitude of oscillations. And the last piece of advice: to avoid electric shock during operation, you must ground the motor frame or use an isolation transformer.

MK 07 1992 P. Sherstobitov, Perm

Source

General design

Making a vibrating screen for sand or crushed stone does not require a lot of time. The design description of the vibrating sieve includes the following elements:

The transport chute is easiest to make from plywood, but a metal structure will be much more reliable, especially when sifting gravel or other coarse materials.

A device for adjusting the rotation speed may already be provided in the design of an electric drill or jigsaw. In this case, a separate external regulator will not be needed.

The principle of operation of a vibrating sieve for bulk materials is to transmit translational movements from a power tool to a frame with a fixed sieve. After sifting the materials, the internal wooden frame with the sieve is raised and unnecessary screenings are dumped.

DIY caviar screen

Salmon caviar is a special delicacy that will decorate any holiday table. If you are lucky enough to catch or buy a salmon with a pot-bellied belly full of valuable eggs, you can make the appetizer yourself. Of course, you will have to tinker a little with separating the caviar from the films, but there is a little secret. A simple device called a screen will help to select the eggs and preserve most of them as a whole. We will now tell you how to do this and how to pickle salmon caviar.

The screen is a mesh stretched over a base. You can make it yourself, or you can use improvised means, for example, a net from a badminton racket.

Oscillation speed control unit

Manufacturers of power tools produce models with or without the ability to adjust the motor speed. In the second case, the oscillations of the electric saw may be too frequent, and an additional external device for adjustment will be required.

A rheostat-type regulator can be purchased at electrical supply stores. At the same time, it is recommended to buy a circuit breaker, which will provide additional protection for the tool and its long-term operation.

As a result, you will be able to provide any required vibration frequency of the working boxes of the vibrating screen, depending on their load and the weight of the material being processed, without overloading the electric drive.

Pre-treatment of caviar

Before you begin separating the eggs, you need to get rid of excess moisture and blood. To do this, salmon caviar (as well as any other caviar) must be filled with salt water and allowed to stand. Firstly, salt will draw out all the blood, secondly, it will remove excess water in the caviar, and thirdly, caviar treated with salt will be easier to separate from the films. After soaking, the bag of caviar should be rinsed thoroughly.

To allow all the water to drain, it is better to place the caviar on a sieve or colander.

Nutritional and energy value:

How to separate the eggs from the film so that they do not burst?

Most often, the caviar is separated from the film bag simply by hand. Of course, in extreme cases, this method will do, but this can literally ruin most eggs. Even if all manipulations are carried out in water, the eggs are still crushed in the process. Thus, they are no longer suitable for pickling, and the amount of product immediately noticeably decreases.

But if you grind the caviar through a screen, losses can be reduced to a minimum. The eggs are easily separated, pass through the holes in the mesh and remain intact. Of course, you can’t do without losses at all, because some eggs will burst when rubbed anyway. In any case, there will be much less of them than if you select them by hand in the water, and it will also be easier to separate the garbage.

The screen method works best with unripe caviar.

Selecting the eggs is not difficult: holding a sieve in one hand over a wide bowl, the other hand should be able to easily rub the eggs against the mesh. It is better to do this starting from the thin end and moving from bottom to top. Then rinse the resulting eggs well with cold water and remove the debris (remnants of films). Rinse again and leave for a quarter of an hour in the sieve.

If the water turns white like milk, it's okay. It is the bursting eggs that release an emulsion that colors the water and makes it sticky.

Homemade pickling recipe

Rinse the caviar under cold running water and throw it into a bowl in which it will be salted. In a separate bowl, mix 5 tbsp. spoons of salt and 2 tbsp. spoons of sugar per kilogram of caviar. Sprinkle the mixture over the caviar, cover and leave to salt for 15–20 minutes. After which the product can be placed in glass jars and placed in the refrigerator. The next morning you can treat your household.

Stir the caviar every 5 minutes, then it will be salted evenly and the salt will dissolve completely

Lightly salted salmon caviar: how to salt it?

So, the caviar has been sorted and washed, all that remains is to salt it. To do this, you will need to make a special marinade of very strong concentration called brine. It is prepared as follows:

And the last step: pour the cooled brine over the salmon eggs. For lightly salted caviar, the holding time ranges from 30 to 60 seconds. To obtain medium salting, the caviar is kept for up to 8 minutes, then washed under running water. All that remains is to spread the eggs on a paper towel to dry. The lightly salted delicacy is stored in glass jars under a lid in the refrigerator for no more than 2 days.

Salting salmon roe - video

Video KNOCKLESS SCREENER FOR CUTTING RED CAVIAR, Fisherman DV channel. 27 RUS

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Cro-NV.ru – WORKSHOP OF LIFE

Selling a screen for red caviar.
Price: 1,800 rub. in Vladivostok. Dalpress Selling a screen for red caviar.

About red caviar » Jo-jo * Your place in the sun

Selling a screen for red caviar - Fish and seafood in Vladivostok

Selling a screen for red caviar (Dispatch) - Fishing supplies in Vladivostok

Dalpress Selling a screen for red caviar

Screen for red caviar (Dispatch) - Fishing accessories in Vladivostok

Selling a screen for red caviar - Fish and seafood in Vladivostok

production of red caviar +11 » Kick blogs

How to make five-minute caviar / Edalnya

When there is no screen at home or making red caviar at home.: goblinid

How to get red caviar

Selling a screen for red caviar (Dispatch) – Primbaza

Red roe - Photo, image, buy posters, order posters, paintings on canvas. — Russia — Posterok.com

Selling a screen for red caviar - Fish and seafood in Vladivostok

Selling a screen for red caviar - Fishing accessories in Vladivostok

Caviar! There is so much in this sound!: Caviar! There is so much in this sound!: Photo 13 Photos

Selling: screens for red caviar in Vladivostok

Selling a screen for red caviar - Fish and seafood in Vladivostok

Selling a screen for red caviar - Fish and seafood in Vladivostok

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The easiest way

This method is suitable for those who do not want to bother with making a special design for casting. You can limit yourself to a few bricks or metal supports, a tin can and a container of water. Making fractions this way is quite simple. A small amount of lead is poured into the jar. Then it needs to be placed over the fire. A steel mesh is placed on the bricks, and a can is placed on top of it. It can also be hung using wire. The master decides what to do based on his capabilities. A small hole is made at the very edge of the jar through which the lead will pour out. The container with water is covered with flannel.

Drying

Drying sand is necessary, for example, when making dry mixtures. The drying method depends on the moisture content of the original material, its volume, required productivity and available means. For example, when the volume of wet sand is small and the day is hot, it is dried by spreading it in a thin layer on a flat base. A good option is sheet iron or corrugated board. Thus, drying methods can be divided into categories:

1. Household - on a baking sheet in the oven or in the sun.
2. Construction - on a sheet of iron under the sun or over a stove (fire) or in a special pipe (“vibro-fluidized bed”).
3. Industrial - as a rule, in a “vibro-fluidized” or “fluidized” bed, as well as with the use of lime.

Using a frying pan

For those who are interested in how to make fractions, we can recommend another method of casting using improvised means. Judging by the reviews, the end result is pretty good pellets of the fifth number. How to make a shotgun with your own hands? What will you need for this? Before casting shot, the home craftsman needs to prepare an old unnecessary frying pan, basin or other similar container, a magnet, tap water and lead from a cable or battery. Before you begin, a hole is drilled at the bottom of the frying pan, at the very edge. Its diameter should be 0.7 mm. Next, you need to insert a temporary plug into this hole.

You can use a nail or steel wire of the appropriate diameter. Only after completing these steps do they begin directly casting lead.

Caviar brine

It is extremely important to prepare brine (a strong brine solution) correctly. Caviar brine is cooked for at least 15 minutes.

To prepare you will need:

• White salt without any additives or foreign odors;
• Enameled container for cooking brine;
• Pure water. Tap water contains many unnecessary impurities, so it should not be used. It is better to find or buy a bottle of spring water.

For five liters of water for brine, you will need 1.5-2 kg of salt. One liter of red caviar will require 3 liters of ready-made brine: the ratio of caviar to brine is 1/3.

• When the water boils, you need to gradually add salt, continuously stirring the solution with a wooden spoon;
• After all the salt has dissolved, cook for another 15 minutes.

When preparing boiling brine, you need to be very careful. When the brine cools, a salt film with patterns should appear on its surface - this is a sign of properly welded brine.

Antiseptics are added to brine for industrially salted caviar: methenamine, sorbic acid. But when caviar is made for oneself, they are not used.

The finished brine should not come into contact with fresh water. All dishes that will contain brine and caviar must be dry.

How to make a fraction?

The “filling” for hunting ammunition is prepared as follows. First, put the frying pan on gas and put pieces of lead in it. It is advisable that their total weight does not exceed 3 kg.

Then the prepared basin is filled with water. The container itself is placed below, under the frying pan, a couple of centimeters away. Next, a groove is attached to the basin using a magnet, which is first covered with silk or flannel and thoroughly soaked. When the lead melts, the plug should be removed. Thus, the metal will take the appropriate shape. Then it will flow from the hole in the frying pan along the groove into the water and cool there.

Step-by-step cooking recipe

Carefully rip open the belly of the fish. Remove the caviar and place in a colander.

Boil water, add salt. While we dissolve the salt, the water will cool to the desired temperature.

Dip the caviar in a colander into the brine for a few seconds. Remove it when the film of the caviar bag shrinks a little and becomes more noticeable.

Release the eggs from the films manually (it is advisable not to use metal utensils), as if rolling the eggs out of the film.

Place the caviar on cheesecloth and let the brine drain.

Fold the gauze into a groove and roll the caviar in it so that the remaining films stick to the gauze.

Taste the caviar freed from its films. If the caviar is very salty, rinse it in water 1-2 times. If the caviar seems under-salted, dip the caviar again into the brine or add salt with finely ground salt.

Then hang the gauze with caviar for 30 minutes, then carefully place the caviar in a jar and put it in the refrigerator.

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About the size of pellets

In addition to the question of how to make a fraction, beginners are interested in what the magnitude of the charge may depend on. First of all, the size of the pellet is affected by the diameter of the hole through which molten lead flows. In addition, the heating intensity is of great importance.

For example, if a master wants to make large shots, but does not plan to widen the hole in the frying pan, then he just needs to reduce the heat a little. As a result, the lead will flow out more slowly, which will result in a larger shot.

Device for sifting sand

Materials and tools used by the author:

List of materials:

— 12V motor (from the car heater or windshield wipers); - Bulgarian; - metal sieve; - Sheet steel; - square pipes or rods; — radial bearing; — 4 springs; - small wooden blocks; - paint and more.

Homemade manufacturing process:

Step one. Sieve

First of all, we will make a sieve through which we will sift the sand. You can buy a ready-made sieve with holes of the required diameter, or you can make it yourself. Just take a sheet of metal, mark and drill holes. You can also not drill holes, but simply punch them with a nail if the metal is soft enough.

Next, the author made an edging for the sieve from wooden blocks; we nail the sieve to the blocks with small nails. Finally, the author cut four pieces of round pipe as supports, and welded washers to the pipe pieces. We screw such supports into the corners of the screen with self-tapping screws; these will be supports for the springs.

Step two. Frame

We weld a frame for homemade work; the material can be very varied, but to minimize vibrations it is better to use something heavier. The author found square steel rods and welded a frame from them.

The author places a simple eccentric on the motor shaft, which is made from a radial bearing; this eccentric imitates the operation of the crankshaft. As for the “connecting rod,” the author bent it from a steel plate. We attach the connecting rod to the sieve, and install the motor itself on the frame; the author made a bracket for it from a steel plate.

Step five. Propeller

To make a homemade product, you will need a fairly powerful propeller that will blow away lighter particles. Of course, it would be nice to make such a propeller from a 12V motor, but the author decided to adapt his grinder for this. You need to make a simple propeller for the angle grinder shaft; the author cut it out of thin sheet steel with metal scissors.

About making in a bucket

This method is suitable for those craftsmen who do not have a gas stove or blowtorch. The whole process will take place in a bucket. Also, to kindle lead, you will need a tin can, which must first be equipped with a 1.5 mm hole. According to experts, such a diameter at the output will give a fraction of the seventh number. If necessary, the hole can be easily expanded using a regular drill or sewing needle. First, the bucket must be filled halfway with cold water. Next, a container with lead (a pan or a jar) is placed in it. Installation is carried out using metal rods. It is important that a distance of no more than 5 cm is maintained from the bottom of the jar to the surface of the water.

Having completed all the necessary measurements, this container is removed and the bucket is filled with diesel fuel (within 3-4 liters). Experts recommend melting battery and pure lead in a 50:50 ratio. It is advisable to add it to the container gradually. If you overdo it, a lot of pressure will form in the jar, causing tails to appear in the pellets. After the can is installed, the contents of the bucket are set on fire. To do this, moisten a rag with flammable material, carefully set it on fire and throw it into diesel fuel. After some time, you need to lightly tap the container with lead. This is necessary so that it begins to flow out of the hole. Having overcome the layer of burning diesel fuel, the already formed pellet falls into the water, where it finally cools down.

Assembly order

The production of a vibrating sieve begins with the assembly of a supporting frame from wooden blocks in accordance with the drawing. To increase the strength of the structure, it is recommended to make connections of wooden parts with reinforcement with metal corners and plates.

After this, guide rails must be secured to the inside of the base frame as a support for the movement of furniture rollers. The guide angles are fastened together into a single structure using transversely installed wooden blocks. To reduce vibration levels during operation, 6 or 8 rubber shock absorbers must be installed between the corners and guides.

To secure the drive for a vibrating sieve made from an electric drill, jigsaw or saw, on one side of the upper part of the support frame it is necessary to provide a platform corresponding to the size of the power tool.

After the support frame is assembled, a plywood gutter is made and installed. The processed material will flow through it into the collection container. A metal gutter is more difficult to make, but it will provide a longer service life.

At the next stage, a sifting structure is assembled from two boxes, one of which with a sieve is inserted into the second.

On one short side the boxes are fastened together using a piano hinge.

Furniture rollers are attached to the bottom of the outer box without a bottom (frame), which ensure ease of movement of the boxes along the rails on the supporting support.

The size of the metal mesh cells is determined by the fraction of the bulk material that will be sifted. Fastening the mesh to the frame is best done using metal tape and self-tapping screws.

The working body of the power tool is connected to the external movable box using a spring connection, which will provide smoother vibrations during operation of the mechanism. Translational movements from the electric drive are transmitted to the boxes, and as a result of their vibrations along the guides, the material poured into the inner box with a mesh is sifted.

The electrical power consumption of the mechanism depends on the power of the installed power tool. It should be noted that the more powerful the electric saw, the larger the dimensions of the vibrating sieve can be made and thereby process larger volumes.

If you use an eccentric, then you can use an electric drill as a power unit. In this case, the tool is installed sideways to the drawers and the drive mechanism will perform oscillatory movements.

Alternative way

It may be that a home craftsman does not have the opportunity to make a shotgun with his own hands. In this case, he will have to use dry reeds. It is desirable that its thickness corresponds to the thickness of the required pellets. The reed itself is carefully cut in half. First, the lead is melted in a container. Next, they fill the halves of the reeds. After cooling, the pellets are cut from the resulting lead strip. How to make fractions if there is no reed at hand? In this case, we can recommend cutting several grooves in the wooden surface with a knife. The master decides what depth they will have based on the size of the shot he wants to get. Pieces of lead, as in the first case, are first melted, and then the metal is poured into these grooves. You should get lead wire from which the shot will be cut.

Necessary materials

To make a frame, two drawers and other elements of the mechanism, you will need:

• wooden blocks 60x70 mm;
• plywood 20 mm thick;
• 6 rubber or spring shock absorbers;
• 4 or 6 furniture casters with mounting frame;
• piano loop with a length of at least 500 mm;
• metal corners for guide rails;
• metal plates or strips to strengthen wooden structural parts;
• screws, bolts and nuts.

Particular attention should be paid to the strength of the piano hinge, since when the screenings are thrown away, it will be subject to significant mechanical loads.

Rudolf-Kavchik › Blog › How to make a gateway for gold mining with your own hands

How to make a gateway for gold mining with your own hands

This article was born in connection with the increased interest in gold mining. I often get asked questions about how to get gold from streams and rivers? How to make a gateway for gold mining with your own hands? Where and what kind of gateway should I buy? How to make a passage with your own hands?

In this article I will tell you how to make a gateway with your own hands. The equipment is so simple that anyone can make it in a couple of hours at home and in many respects it will be better than a purchased American aluminum gateway, the cost of which in Russia reaches 17,000 rubles.

I’ll tell you how to properly make a gold-catching sluice, a mini device for gold mining, popularly called a prodnushka. This is what the prospectors of Siberia and the Urals call it, the name that came to us from our grandfathers and great-grandfathers is prodnushka.

A passage (sluice) is a box made of three boards, at the bottom of which a mat is laid and a stencil (riffle) is placed. A walk-through made of wood is not only simpler and cheaper than one made of aluminum, but most importantly, if something happens, you won’t mind throwing it away. If you use dry and not thick wood, then the weight will be no more than that of an aluminum analogue, and with a skillful approach, even less. In addition, wooden boards in your car or backpack will not raise questions from strangers; no one will ask what kind of boards they are or ask unnecessary questions. You never know what purpose you need these boards for in the forest.

To make a passage (sluice) for gold mining, the main thing is to follow the basic simple rules in its manufacture, and you will be a more successful gold miner than other prospectors with short purchased sluices.

The longer the hole, the more gold you will catch. Foreign aluminum sluices have a maximum length of 1.5 meters; this is not enough to catch fine gold and disintegrate poorly washed sands or loams. The length of foreign locks is 1.5 meters due to legislation that limits the length of the lock, so that amateur tourists do not wash out all the gold on the stream and leave it to others. For example, in America, Australia, and New Zealand, gold mining is a hobby, like picking mushrooms or fishing in our country.

The width of the sluice depends on the amount of rock supplied; for bucket feeding, a width of 20-25 cm is sufficient.

To make a long and easy-to-carry passage, use a cascade of gateways, for example, install two gateways of 1.5 meters in series, for a total of 3 meters. This is sufficient to trap fine gold and disintegrate the rock.

If the soil is clayey and does not have time to be washed through the passage, you need to use other equipment called butara. I will talk about it in the following articles or videos on my channel www.youtube.com/user/RudolfKavchik

Installation of riffles or as they are also called stencils.

The stencil is the most important part of the pass-through. Behind them, a turbulence of the water flow and its rarefaction occurs. This creates conditions for the accumulation of the heavy fraction behind the riffle plates and the demolition of light unnecessary material. The angle of inclination of the riffle plates depends on the amount of water supplied to the passage and can be from 45 to 78 degrees. The greater the depth of the flow and the speed of the flow of water supplied to the sluice, the greater the angle of inclination of the riffles. The distance between the riffles is 5-7 cm. The shape of the riffles can be straight or with slightly curved edges in the direction of flow.

If the water flow is weak, then riffles are not used. The rock is sifted through a sieve before being fed to the mini device. See the chapter on material screening below.

The next chapter is about a gold catching mat and what to make a gold catching mat from. How to install a passage, sieve and screen for gold-bearing rock. From the history of gold mining - is there a need for a mat on the sluice?

Author Rudolf Kavchik, Irkutsk Photo Rudolf Kavchik

PS

Video about the use of a passageway (sluice for gold washing). And also, some geological terms are explained, what is a raft, peat, sand or formation.

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Crushed stone crusher

It is hardly possible to find a building material more in demand than crushed stone. It is part of concrete mortars and is used in laying road surfaces and landscaping areas. But getting cubic meters of durable stone, where all the grains have approximately the same size and shape, is not so easy. In addition to the fact that strong rocks need to be extracted from the bowels of the earth, they also need to be crushed to a certain fraction. And this requires equally durable crushing equipment.

All crushers and crushers of crushed stone are usually divided according to the class of stone size obtained at the output (mm):

Moreover, most designs can operate in any of the specified ranges - you just need to reconfigure the machine to get a new fraction at the output. There are also stationary and mobile models, but the former are used only at large enterprises developing thick rock deposits. At the same time, any mobile crusher for processing crushed stone, although inferior in productivity, can be used to crush small reserves and then transported to a new location.

Mobile equipment, as a rule, has a cone or jaw type - only they allow you to regulate the fractions of the source material and commercial products. If you frequently change the place of work and, accordingly, the characteristics of the crushed rocks, this is the optimal solution. A whole fleet of different types of crushers of considerable cost can be replaced by one universal machine.

How to make hunting shot at home

In our article we will touch on the most common questions about it, which arise not only among beginners, but sometimes also among experienced hunters. We will focus on the following aspects in detail:

Since lead itself is too soft, in its manufacture they use admixtures of tin, antimony, arsenic, etc. This is hardened shot. Sometimes a lead ball is additionally coated with a layer of cupronickel or nickel. This is considered a more expensive type of material, which is called clad.

How to determine whether a material is of good quality or not? Its shape should be as close as possible to a sphere, there should be no cavities inside and there should be alignment. Please note that the size and composition of hunting shot must comply with GOST 7837-76.

What types and sizes are there?

In our country, hunting shot is classified by size and divided into 16 positions. The minimum one produced today has a size of 1.25 mm. It can be easily found in specialized stores under No. 12. With each increase in diameter by 0.25 mm, the number decreases by one.

Based on size, it is divided into the following types:

large: with a diameter from 4.25 mm to 5 mm, respectively No. 0, 00, 000, 0000 medium: with a diameter from 3 mm to 4 mm, respectively No. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 small: with a diameter from 1.75 mm to 2 .75 mm respectively No. 10, 9, 8, 7, 6 On forums and blogs, large shot for hunting shotguns is sometimes called half-buckshot.

Which one to choose for different types of game?

During preparatory activities, it is worth considering that the choice of shot will depend both on the conditions in which the hunt is planned and on the type of game. So let's start with the most commonly used sizes. Hunters prefer to use 12.16 or 20 gauge for game birds. For hunting small birds, for example, quails, snipes, great snipes and others, you should choose size No. 8 - 10. Size No. 11-12 is used extremely rarely.

If you decide to go after a wolf or a roe deer, then you should give preference to buckshot. It is manufactured in 0.5 mm increments. The most popular buckshot is 5.25 mm - 6.75 mm. However, in some cases, buckshot up to 8 mm is used. Wild boar hunting involves the use of large 9 mm buckshot.

It is important to understand that it is more effective to hit a target with several small pellets than with one or two large ones. This is why you should stop using the largest shot sizes.

Another dependence of the size of the fraction on the season is that in the spring they always use a smaller number, and in the fall a larger one. This is due to the fact that the game has already managed to get stronger. You can choose it depending on the expected shooting distance. The smaller the distance, the smaller the fraction you can choose.

How to make it yourself?

Currently, specialized stores offer an incredibly wide range of products that are available for purchase in any season at any convenient time. Store goods are manufactured by casting or stamping. However, many hunters, in order to save money or gain aesthetic pleasure from the process, make their own. Of course, homemade products are not ideal compared to store-bought ones, but for most purposes they are quite suitable.

At home, shot is made by casting. In fact, craftsmen have come up with quite a lot of methods, however, we will present exactly the one that allows you to get the highest quality product possible.

At the first stage, you need to make a so-called shotgun die. It consists of two metal bars on a hinge. For convenience, handles are attached. You need to drill holes in the metal that will match the caliber. Everything here, of course, depends on what you want to get in the end. This can be the minimum size of the shot, or buckshot. The hemispherical holes are connected by grooves, which in turn open into a groove.

Next, lead is poured into the gutter. After the pouring process is completed, the resulting “web” is cut off with special metal scissors. It is allowed to use 1/3 battery and 2/3 regular lead.

The resulting shot can already be used, however, some hunters prefer to roll it on a shot roller. This makes the lead harder and gives it a perfect round shape.

Main types

The lower limit for crushed stone in terms of compressive strength is 300 MPa. This material is not widely used in construction, but still has a small circle of consumers. The main part of the market has long been captured by stronger rocks from M600 to M1200. In order to crush such strong stones to the required fractions and obtain high-quality building materials as a result, it is necessary to select the correct crusher designs.

They are considered universal machines for crushed stone, as they are capable of processing rocks of any strength. Grinding occurs between two heavy plates, one of which is movable, and the second is permanently fixed. The upper gap of the cheeks can be changed depending on the initial size of the raw material up to 1.5 m. The size of the output fraction is adjusted in the same way.

Despite the simplicity of their design, these machines are quite capricious: they require regular inspections and frequent repairs. When using jaw crushers, it is recommended to periodically replace the wear plates, as they wear unevenly during operation. You can also reduce equipment maintenance costs by making a more durable overlay of wear-resistant metal on them. The disadvantage of these crushers is the high content of flakier grains in the finished crushed stone, which is a sign of its low quality. The reason for this is the features of the machine, which does not break, but compresses and delaminates stones.

The operating principle of a cone crusher for crushed stone is somewhat similar to the destruction of rock in jaw models. But the abrasive planes here have a three-dimensional shape, and the rotation shaft is specially unbalanced. Due to this, the flakier grains experience impacts in different directions, break across and take on the appearance of cubes. In addition, when passing through a small gap between the cones, the needle-shaped stones collide with each other and collapse faster.

A cone crusher for crushed stone is considered one of the most reliable; it is no more difficult to operate than a jaw crusher and is just as easily adjusted to different sizes of the input and output product. These are rather bulky units aimed at producing medium-sized cube-shaped gravel. A special feature of such crushers is the consistent fractional composition of the finished mass.

Capable of crushing crushed stone to the smallest fractions. Strong beaters attached to the shaft “drive” the rock inside the snare drum, splitting it with powerful blows. Re-grinding occurs when the fragments fly to the walls of the crusher and break there on the lining plates.

But with this method of rock destruction, it is impossible to control the size of the gravel at the outlet, so after crushing the entire mass is sent to dispersing screens. A disadvantage of rotary crushers is also considered to be the limitation on the hardness of the raw materials - no higher than average. In large industries they are used only at the second stage of grinding.

They are produced only in two types: for fine and medium crushing of crushed stone. Rock destruction occurs between rotating counter rolls. They themselves can have a smooth, jagged or textured surface for working with materials of different strengths. Nevertheless, the strength of the crushed raw materials should not exceed average values.

You won't be able to buy a used unit at a more reasonable price. Even if they have been well used or restored after major repairs, they will not become much cheaper. The relatively low cost of a crusher for the production of crushed stone can only be found in very small models that process up to a ton per hour, or compact laboratory crushers. But they will also cost 200,000 - 300,000. For the rental of more serious equipment working in quarries, you will have to pay from 5,000 to 24,000 rubles / cm.

How to do it yourself?

Since it is unprofitable to buy a crusher for small volumes of construction work, technically savvy citizens can try to make it themselves. For your own needs, no particularly powerful equipment is required, and the design of the machine is simple. Drawings and diagrams can be found in old textbooks or on the Internet, and the installation can be assembled from available rolled metal.

Any rocks of sufficient hardness that lie on the surface and are accessible for independent mining are suitable as starting materials. But in home production, gravel is often made from recycled materials or waste from mining and processing enterprises. Their strength is average, so a hammer machine will do.

A do-it-yourself crusher for producing cube-shaped crushed stone consists of several basic elements that will need to be made or purchased used, and then modified:

All working elements must be heavy and powerful enough to cope with the task of crushing gravel. Thick-walled pipes, cast-iron plates and large-diameter fittings are useful here. It will be cheaper to line the inside of the chamber with separate impact-resistant inserts and weld it from sheet iron.

It is better not to take a used one, but to grind it yourself, if you have the necessary experience, or order production according to existing drawings. The efficiency and durability of a homemade crusher depends on the accuracy of its execution. The rotation speed of the shaft connected to the axis of the drive motor by a belt drive can be changed using pulleys of different diameters. You will also need to make bushings for seating the hammers.

During the manufacturing process of the body, special attention should be paid to welds and bolted joints. A running crusher creates a lot of vibration, so if you want to use it for a long time, ensure the required reliability of the equipment.

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