Sore throat: main causes and treatment methods

How to treat a sore throat.

October 21, 2022
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Content

• Why might your throat hurt?
• Symptoms of throat diseases
• The best lozenges for a sore throat
• Eucalyptus-M
• Sage
• Dr. Theiss
• Septolete
• Carmolis
• Hexoral Tabs
• Isla Moos
• Faringosept
• Grammidin Neo
• Yodangin

Why might your throat hurt?

Each of us has experienced pain in the goal, soreness when swallowing or soreness. But you need to understand that this is not a separate problem, but most often a symptom of an infectious disease. Sore throat appears against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process that involves the pharynx, tonsils, larynx or adenoids.

The sore throat may be minor and may result in discomfort when swallowing, dryness or soreness. And it happens that the pain is intense, it causes general malaise and a jump in temperature. This could be ARVI, tonsillitis, childhood diseases, and even dangerous microbes such as streptococcus, meningococcus, pneumococcus, and hemophilus influenzae.

With the help of a sore throat, the body signals that the nasopharynx is inflamed. If you look at the back of the throat, tonsils and uvula, they will be red. There may also be swelling, granularity of the posterior wall or plaque on the tonsils.

To choose the right throat lozenges, you need to accurately determine the cause of the pain by assessing the accompanying symptoms. It is often difficult to make a diagnosis on your own, so be sure to consult a doctor. A specialist will determine the causes of a sore throat and prescribe treatment.

It is important to pay attention to symptoms such as prolonged fever, cough and general deterioration in health, runny nose, and skin rashes. It is also necessary to check whether the lymph nodes under the jaw, behind the ears or in the neck are inflamed.

For a sore throat due to a cold, doctors usually prescribe sprays, tablets, antimicrobial gargles, and throat lozenges. Lozenges and lozenges often contain antimicrobial components and anesthetics - they fight germs and reduce sore throats.

The most common causes of sore throat

Photos from open sources

How to make molds with your own hands

If you don’t have a store-bought one, you can always make a mold for making candy with your own hands. It’s enough to turn on your imagination and look around. You can use regular shot glasses or cookie cutters. Anything that has a beautiful shape and high sides is quite suitable for making sweets.

You can simply place the finished syrup on parchment or a silicone mat. At the same time, you can give the treat absolutely any shape.

Classic recipe

The classic recipe is considered the simplest among other cooking recipes. Even a child can make these lollipops. The number of ingredients is minimal. You just need to make sure that the syrup is prepared correctly.

To prepare delicious products, you need to mix water, sugar and vinegar and put on fire.

Bring the resulting mixture to a boil, stirring constantly.

Next, cook the syrup over very low heat until golden brown. It is necessary to periodically check its readiness. You need to drip the syrup into a cup of water. If it hardens quickly in water, then it's time to pour it into molds.

Pour the syrup into the prepared mold and insert the sticks into the holes of the mold.

Place the closed pan under cold water. Only when it has cooled down can you take out the sweets.

Eucalyptus-M

These time-tested throat lozenges contain eucalyptus oil and menthol. This herbal preparation reduces inflammation, works as an antiseptic, quickly relieves even very severe sore throats, and makes breathing easier. Doctors often prescribe Eucalyptus-M lozenges for inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The lozenges have a cool menthol-eucalyptus taste and a very reasonable price.

Eucalyptus-M

Natur Product, Poland

Inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and pharynx: - pharyngitis;
- laryngitis; - tracheitis. from 111

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Making creamy sweets

To make the candies unusual, you can make creamy lollipops. They have a special mild taste.

Ingredients:

• sugar - 200 gr.;
• milk - 0.5 cups;
• butter -50 gr.;
• vanillin.

Cooking time: 20 minutes.

Calorie content: 100 gr. – 280 kcal.

Mix sugar, milk and butter. Bring to a boil over low heat. Continue cooking the syrup, stirring constantly. When the color turns caramel, you need to check it for readiness.

You need to drop the syrup into cold water. If the drop hardens quickly, then it is ready. Pour the finished syrup into molds. We insert sticks into the holes. After the molds have cooled, you can remove the candies.

Sage

These throat lozenges are made with sage extract and essential oil. And although “Sage” does not contain medicinal substances, but only natural ingredients, lozenges perfectly relieve inflammation of the throat mucosa, destroy pathogenic microbes, and have an expectorant effect. For any diseases of the mouth and throat, you can use Sage lozenges as part of complex therapy. Patients note the completely natural composition of the drug, its rapid action and pleasant taste. “Sage” not only reduces symptoms, but actually heals the throat.

Sage

Bausch Health, Canada

Sage is a lozenge of plant origin that has an antiseptic effect.
A combined preparation containing a complex of biologically active substances. It has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, expectorant effects, and has astringent properties. from 10

5.0 4 reviews

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Milk chocolate candies on a stick

Lollipops can be very diverse. Lollipops with the addition of milk and chocolate have a unique taste. This is a very tasty treat for children.

Ingredients:

• sugar – 2 tbsp;
• honey – 1 tbsp;
• cocoa – 2 tbsp;
• water – 5 tbsp;
• butter – 2 tbsp.

Cooking time: 20 minutes.

Calorie content: 100 gr. – 280 kcal.

Mix all ingredients. Heat the prepared mixture over low heat. The syrup must be stirred throughout the cooking process to avoid burning.

Next, check its readiness by dripping it into cold water. A drop of the finished syrup hardens very quickly. After it is cooked, it must be poured into molds.

You need to insert sticks into the holes in the mold. Allow to cool and then you can remove the products.

Dr. Theiss

Doctor Theiss throat lozenges are prescribed for throat irritation; they perfectly relieve mild pain. The instructions say that the drug contains “Swiss herbal extract”, but it does not spell out which ones exactly. In addition, it contains vitamin C, peppermint oil, and menthol. These lozenges are good at soothing sore throats, relieving irritation and hoarseness, suppressing coughing attacks, and stimulating local immunity. The drug is inexpensive. Patients in the reviews note that Doctor Theiss lollipops taste like regular candies, but diabetics can also take them, because they contain a sweetener.

Dr. Theiss

Dr. Theiss Naturwaren, Germany

Treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx (pain when swallowing).
from 90

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Septolete

“Septolete” reduces throat inflammation and has an antimicrobial effect; doctors prescribe these throat lozenges for both adults and children. “Septolete” has a complex effect: it relieves pain, has a pronounced bactericidal, antiseptic and fungicidal effect. “Septoleta” is also prescribed for inflammation of the gums and oral mucosa, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sore throat, regardless of its causative agent. The lozenges contain benzalkonium chloride, levomenthol, eucalyptus and peppermint oils. This drug also makes breathing easier. Septoleta is often prescribed by doctors and most reviews about the drug are positive. Many even say that these are the only lollipops that can cope with severe sore throats and even sore throats. Septolete, however, does not have a very pleasant medicinal taste.

Septolete

KRKA (KRKA), Slovenia

A combined drug whose effect is determined by the properties of its constituent components.
Used for: Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and nasopharynx; acute respiratory (respiratory system) diseases, accompanied by hoarseness of voice, bad breath. from 138

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Carmolis

A completely natural drug that will relieve pain and sore throat. Carmolis lozenges contain essential oils of medicinal plants: lavender, mint, anise, thyme, Chinese cinnamon, lemon balm and sage. “Carmolis” for sore throat perfectly relieves inflammation, sore throat, has an analgesic and expectorant effect, and also stimulates local immunity. Many patients say that these throat lozenges are very helpful at the onset of a cold. The drug has a wide spectrum of action and a pleasant taste. The disadvantages are the high price and the fact that you can’t buy Carmolis in every pharmacy.

Carmolis

Dr. A. and L. Schmidgall, Austria

As part of complex therapy of the following diseases and conditions For oral administration: - in complex therapy of diseases of the upper respiratory tract accompanied by cough;
- symptoms of dyspepsia (including nausea, heaviness in the epigastric region, flatulence); - increased nervous excitability and irritability, a feeling of internal tension. For external use: - arthralgia (including rheumatism); — myalgia of various origins; - neuritis of the sciatic nerve; - headache; - skin itching; - insect bite. For inhalation use: - inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, accompanied by cough. from 200

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Hexoral Tabs

Hexoral Tabs throat lozenges are prescribed to both adults and children. The drug contains amylmetacresol and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol. Throat lozenges destroy pathogenic microflora on the mucous membrane, relieve inflammation and reduce pain. The advantage of this drug is that it acts instantly: pain, soreness, hoarseness, and coughing attacks go away. Hexoral Tabs has a pleasant taste and an affordable price.

Hexoral tabs

Pfizer (Pfizer), USA

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pharynx or oral cavity: - pharyngitis, sore throat and other inflammatory diseases of the pharynx;
- stomatitis; - gingivitis. from 99

5.0 1 review

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Candy Molds

In Soviet times, ordinary tablespoons served as forms for lollipops, into which syrup was poured. Particularly fashionable comrades had special metal units in their household, which in our time are easier to find in a museum than to buy. Marketers and scientists came to the aid of modern housewives by creating silicone molds for lollipops. I poured the syrup in there, let it cool, and voila! The lollipops are ready and come out easily, even without pre-lubricating with oil. Instead of a special mold, you can use silicone or plastic ice containers.

Isla Moos

These German throat lozenges are made from completely natural raw materials, do not contain chemical components and are prescribed for pain and sore throat. The active substance of the drug is Icelandic moss extract. When absorbed, the active substance envelops the mucous membrane of the throat, so pain, tickling, irritation, and reflex cough disappear or become softer. The tablets do not contain sugar, so they can be taken by diabetics (they contain sucrose). "Isla-Moos" is also prescribed for increased vocal stress. The lozenges have a neutral taste and a subtle herbal aroma. The only disadvantage of the drug is its comparative high cost.

Isla Moos

Hennig Arzneimittel Gmbh & Co, Germany

Isla-Moos are lozenges containing Icelandic moss extract, which has antimicrobial and immunostimulating activity.
Isla-Moos increases local immunity and reduces the intensity of the inflammatory process, and also has some enveloping effect. The drug eliminates pain and irritation in the throat, reduces the intensity of the inflammatory process in diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Isla-Moos prevents the development of irritation and dryness of the mucous membrane of the throat in patients with increased load on the vocal cords, as well as with excessive dry air. from 328

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Read also: 10 best drugs for influenza and ARVI The best drugs for the treatment of influenza and ARVI: reducing negative symptoms, antiviral and immunomodulatory.

Recipe with mint leaves

Mint is a good antiseptic; when combined with sugar, it has a powerful healing effect on coughs. To prepare mint candies you need to take:

• fresh mint - 1 bunch;
• sugar - 1 glass;
• water - 1 glass;
• lemon juice - 1 tbsp. spoon.

How to make candy with mint leaves:

1. Crush the mint leaves in a mortar until smooth. You can use a blender for this purpose.
2. Place all ingredients in a saucepan and stir.
3. Place on low heat.
4. Stirring occasionally, wait for the sugar grains to completely dissolve.
5. Pour the prepared mixture into molds.

Faringosept

This throat remedy can easily be called a classic. The main active ingredient of these lollipops is ambazone, a powerful antiseptic. Faringosept does not have a very pleasant taste, but the product has been tested for generations: the tablets perfectly relieve sore throat, sore throat, inflammation, and reduce cough. Throat lozenges have a safe composition, so they have virtually no contraindications or side effects. This is a popular and very effective remedy for treating the throat, which is often prescribed by doctors. Almost all patient reviews about the drug are positive, even despite the unpleasant taste.

Faringosept

JSC Naturotherapy, Russia

Prevention and treatment of acute infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and larynx (tonsillitis, stomatitis, gingivitis).
Prevention of infectious and inflammatory diseases after tooth extraction. from 59

5.0 1 review

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How to make fruit lollipops

The method of preparing fruit candies is no different from preparing other similar candies. The only difference is in the ingredients. Depending on what fruit filling is added to the syrup, the taste of the lollipops will depend. You can use any fruit juice as a fruit filling. With a wide variety of juices, you can get completely different lollipops.

Ingredients:

• freshly squeezed juice – 0.5 cups;
• sugar – 80 gr.

Cooking time: 20 minutes.

Calorie content: 100 gr. – 280 kcal.

Mix juice and sugar in a deep saucepan and cook over low heat. When the syrup begins to change color and the droplets of syrup quickly harden, it must be poured into the mold. You need to insert sticks into the holes of the mold. After it has cooled down, you can remove the candies.

Grammidin Neo

These lozenges instantly relieve even very intense sore throat and are prescribed for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx (pharyngitis, sore throat, laryngitis). The drug contains an anesthetic, antibiotic and antiseptic that relieve inflammation and prevent the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. You can buy Grammidin Neo without a prescription. Doctors and patients note the high effectiveness of the drug and its rapid analgesic effect due to the anesthetic in the composition. The tablets do not taste very pleasant and should not be used in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Grammidin Neo

PJSC Valenta Pharm, Russia

Grammidin Neo is an antibacterial agent for topical use, for resorption in the oral cavity.
Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the mouth and throat, accompanied by severe pain: acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis, tonsillitis, periodontitis, gingivitis, stomatitis. from 86

5.0 2 reviews

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Local therapy for pharyngitis

According to the etiological factor, acute pharyngitis can be divided into viral, bacterial, fungal, allergic, traumatic (as a result of a foreign body or surgical intervention) and caused by exposure to irritating factors (hot liquid or steam, acids, alkalis, radiation, etc.). Chronic pharyngitis is usually classified not according to etiology, but according to the nature of the changes developing in the mucous membrane: catarrhal (simple), atrophic (subatrophic) and hypertrophic. The most common form of acute inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa is catarrhal pharyngitis during ARVI. It is known that approximately 70% of pharyngitis is caused by viruses, including rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses. The most common causative agent of acute pharyngitis is rhinoviruses. Research in recent years shows that their importance is growing rapidly, and now rhinoviruses are responsible for more than 80% of acute respiratory viral infections during autumn epidemics. Viral infection is often only the first phase of the disease, and it “paves the way” for subsequent bacterial infection. Chronic pharyngitis is a polyetiological disease, in the genesis of which numerous factors play a role, but the cause of exacerbation of the inflammatory process in the pharynx is most often the influence of microorganisms [3,6,9]. The conclusion is substantiated that infection plays a major role not in the occurrence, but in the chronicity of pharyngitis [1]. The main causative agents of chronic pharyngitis are: Streptococcus α–haemolyticus (107–109 CFU), β–haemolyticus (104–108 CFU), γ–haemolyticus (108–109 CFU); Staphylococcus aureus (105–108); CNS Staphylococcus (106–108); Neisseria spp. (105–107); Haemophilus spp. (103–105); Corynebacterium spp. (104–105); fungi of the genus Candida (105–108); filamentous fungi (up to continuous growth) [3]. Irrational antibiotic therapy leads to persistent dysbiotic changes in the mucous membrane of the oropharynx, immunosuppression and antibiotic resistance. When examining patients with a long and persistent history of the disease, the fungal nature of inflammation is detected in 44.7% of patients. In 90% of cases, the bacterial flora of the posterior pharyngeal wall is represented by associations of 2-3 types of microbes. At the same time, studies by a number of authors have established that the normal microflora of the oral cavity and pharynx in healthy individuals is characterized by a certain constancy. It has been established that the primary penetration of bacteria into the oral cavity occurs during the passage of the fetus through the birth canal; the initial microflora is represented by lactobacilli, enterobacteria, corynebacteria, staphylococci and micrococci, but after 2–7 days it is almost completely replaced by bacteria living in the oral cavity of the mother and maternity ward staff [10]. However, it should be taken into account that the polymorphism of bacterial contamination of the mucous membrane does not provide grounds to associate the occurrence and course of this disease with any one type of microbe. It should also be noted that the bacterial flora is represented exclusively by opportunistic bacteria that are capable of exhibiting virulence only under conditions of reduced general or local resistance of the body. This makes it possible to think that in the pathogenesis of pharyngitis, the microbial flora does not play the role of a leading and determining factor, but a violation of the protective mechanisms of the mucous membrane is of paramount importance [2]. There is evidence in the literature that in older people there is a natural change in the species composition of the microbial flora of the oropharynx. At the same time, the representation of microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and aerobic gram-negative enterobacteria increases. But the reason for these changes is still not entirely clear [13]. Chronic pharyngitis is often a consequence of acute pharyngitis. Risk factors for the development of chronic pharyngitis and a possible cause of the disease may be foci of chronic infection in the pharynx, oral cavity, nose, and paranasal sinuses [14]. Despite the obvious significance of infection, there are many reasons to believe that the body’s defenses play a major role in the genesis of pharyngitis. This conclusion was made based on the ineffectiveness (in many cases) of antibiotic therapy [18]. The first line of defense for the mucous membranes is the innate immune system. It is represented by many soluble factors (molecules) found in saliva and other secretions that protect mucous membranes, as well as certain types of leukocytes. Both soluble factors and innate immune cells recognize characteristic microbial substrates: lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria, peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acids of gram-positive microbes, mannose, bacterial DNA, N-formylmethionine, double-stranded RNA of viruses, glycans of fungal cell walls, and much more. [12]. The innate immune system comes into play immediately, but its capabilities are limited: it can recognize only about 1000 structures [17]. The innate immune system includes cellular and humoral factors. Humoral factors of innate immunity are present in mucus, saliva, secretions, blood plasma and tissue fluid, and many directly recognize and bind pathogen antigens. This group includes, among others, bactericidal factors, lysozyme and defensins, which cause lysis of microbes [5]. The clinical picture of acute pharyngitis is characterized by soreness, dryness, discomfort and pain in the throat when swallowing (especially with an empty throat), less often - general malaise, and a rise in temperature. When the tubar ridges become inflamed, the pain usually radiates to the ears. On palpation, there may be pain and enlargement of the upper cervical lymph nodes. Pharyngoscopy reveals hyperemia of the posterior wall of the pharynx and palatine arches, individual inflamed lymphoid granules, but there are no signs of inflammation of the tonsils characteristic of angina. The clinical picture of chronic pharyngitis is not characterized by an increase in temperature and a significant deterioration in general condition. The sensations are characterized by patients as dryness, soreness and a feeling of a lump in the throat, which causes a desire to cough. The cough is usually persistent, dry and easily distinguishable from the cough that accompanies the course of tracheobronchitis. Discomfort in the throat is often associated with the forced need to constantly swallow mucus in the back of the throat, which makes patients irritable, interferes with their normal activities and disrupts sleep. Consideration of issues of therapeutic measures for chronic pharyngitis should be determined by the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. First of all, it is recommended to eliminate those pathological conditions that were the cause of chronic inflammation of the pharynx. Sanitation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, restoration of normal nasal breathing, conservative and, if necessary, surgical treatment of chronic tonsillitis, elimination of unfavorable production or household factors often make it possible to achieve a positive result without additional therapeutic effects on the pharyngeal mucosa. A diet is indicated - it should completely exclude the intake of irritating foods (hot, cold, sour, spicy and salty). In case of acute and exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis, not accompanied by pronounced disorders of the general condition, symptomatic treatment is sufficient, including a gentle diet, hot foot baths, warm compresses on the front surface of the neck, milk with honey, steam inhalations and gargling. Smoking should be stopped. Uncomplicated pharyngitis usually does not require systemic antibiotics. In this situation, it becomes justified to carry out not systemic, but local antimicrobial therapy, which can also be prescribed in the form of monotherapy. In the local treatment of exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis, various methods are used: rinsing, lubricating, inhalation with the use of various medications that have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiallergic, astringent and emollient effects. Blockades, cauterization, and physiotherapy are used. All existing methods of treating chronic pharyngitis can be divided into two directions - conservative and surgical. Physiotherapeutic methods such as UV irradiation, medicinal electrophoresis, phonophoresis of the pharynx, microwave and ultrasound therapy, diathermy of the area of ​​the neurovascular bundles of the neck, darsonvalization of the posterior surface of the neck, and diadynamic current are widely used in the treatment of chronic pharyngitis. There are many modern medications for local action on the pharyngeal mucosa, and this makes it possible to choose the optimal treatment method. However, this choice is sometimes difficult due to the existence of drugs that have similar effects. It remains relevant to study the characteristics of the action of individual drugs in various nosological forms [7–11,15]. The creation of effective drugs of combined action for local use in the pharynx is an urgent task. The importance of lysozyme in protection against chronic pharyngitis is indicated by the work of A.A. Egorov [4], who proposed treating patients with lysozyme preparations. The effect of enhancing the action of antiseptic drugs in the presence of lysozyme was also noted. All medications used for local treatment of pharyngitis can be divided into 6 groups: local antibiotics, antiseptics, local antimycotics, immunocorrectors, local anesthetic and anti-inflammatory drugs, homeopathic remedies (Table 1). As you know, an antibiotic destroys microbial flora. But nature abhors a vacuum, and mushrooms take the place of microbes, especially against the background of reduced immunity. Therefore, the prescription of antiseptics, i.e. drugs that kill “every living thing”, incl. and mushrooms, allows you to solve this problem. But the abuse of antiseptics, in turn, leads to the death of the surface layer of the epithelium lining the pharynx, which in itself increases the patient’s discomfort. Local anti-inflammatory drugs usually include one or more antiseptics (chlorhexidine, hexetidine, benzydamine, ambazone, thymol and its derivatives, alcohols, iodine preparations, etc.), essential oils, local anesthetics (lidocaine, tetracaine, menthol), less often - antibiotics (fusafyungin, framycetin) or sulfonamides, deodorizing agents. Preparations may also contain bacterial lysates, natural antiseptics (plant extracts, bee products), synthesized factors of nonspecific protection of mucous membranes, which also have an antiviral effect (lysozyme, interferon), vitamins (ascorbic acid). Antimicrobial drugs can be prescribed in the form of rinses, insufflations, inhalations, as well as tablets and lozenges. The main requirements for drugs applied to the mucous membrane are: • a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, preferably including antiviral and antimicrobial activity; • lack of toxic effect and low rate of absorption from mucous membranes; • low allergenicity; • no irritating effect on the mucous membrane. Most drugs (Hexalize, Drill, Septolete, Faringosept, Neoangin, Strepsils, etc.) for the treatment of pharyngitis are available in the form of tablets, lozenges or lozenges. This form of drugs has relatively low activity, and their use is limited to mild forms of the disease. In addition, the doctor should remember the toxicity of chlorhexidine, which is part of many drugs (Antiangin, Drill, Sebidine, Eludril) and should not allow their unlimited, uncontrolled use by patients (especially children). The prescription of a number of drugs is limited by their high allergenicity and irritating effect. This includes drugs containing iodine derivatives (iodinol, iox, vocadine, povidone-iodine), propolis (proposol), sulfonamides (bicarmint, ingalipt). Preparations containing herbal antiseptics and essential oils are effective and harmless, but their use is contraindicated in patients suffering from allergies to pollen, and the number of people with this disease in some geographic areas is up to 20% of the population. Pregnant and lactating women can use lysobact, which contains lysozyme together with vitamin B6. It is an antibacterial agent, an enzyme of the hydrolase class that destroys the cell membranes of bacteria by lysing the cell membrane of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi, and also has antiviral activity. We will focus only on those tools that are regularly used in our practice and the effectiveness of which has been confirmed by our own experience. Terasil is used for infections of the mouth and throat - sore throat caused by an irritating cough and colds, and contains amylmetacresol and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol, as well as excipients: sucrose, liquid glucose, purified water, sodium chloride, sodium sucrose, citric acid (anhydrous), sunset yellow, menthol, eucalyptus oil. All components of the drug are quickly absorbed and quickly eliminated. The metabolite of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol is 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, which is excreted by the kidneys as an acid or as a glycine compound. Amylmetacresol is oxidized to acid and excreted through the kidneys as a glucuronide. Terasil lozenges (formula for sore throat) are used to effectively influence gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that cause diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx, as well as fungi and yeast. 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol and amylmetacresol, which are part of the lollipops, have disinfectant and antiseptic properties, which allows them to be used to treat infections of the throat and oral cavity. 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol is a benzene derivative, amylmetacresol is a phenol derivative. The main effect of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol and amylmetacresol is due to activity on the surface of the pharyngeal mucosa; both substances interact with cell membrane lipids, which explains their effectiveness against bacteria and fungi. Terasil (formula for sore throat) also has a soothing effect. Thanks to the properties described above, this drug eliminates and alleviates the symptoms of inflammatory infections of the mouth and throat, is well tolerated and has a pleasant taste. Application: dissolve one lozenge slowly every 2–3 hours (no more than 12 lozenges per day). Strepsils, which contains 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol and amylmetacresol 0.6 mg, has a similar effect and composition. There are 5 versions of Strepsils with various additives (with anise and peppermint oils, with honey and lemon, with menthol and eucalyptus, with vitamin C, with lemon and herbs, without sugar). Strepsils is an antiseptic, anticongestive (decongestant) agent. Strepsils is a combination drug for topical use in ENT practice and dentistry. Active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms in vitro; has an antifungal effect. Natural medicinal additives included in the preparation have a softening and decongesting effect on the mucous membrane. An overdose may cause discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract. It is possible to use Strepsils during pregnancy and lactation (according to indications). In case of severe pain in the throat, it is possible to use Strepsils Plus lozenges or spray, since, in addition to 2,4-dichlorobenzyl-ethanol and amylmetacresol, this drug contains lidocaine hydrochloride. The drug is contraindicated in children under 12 years of age. The use of Strepsils Plus during pregnancy and lactation is possible only according to indications. Cough is one of the most common reasons for visiting a doctor. This is one of the symptoms that often bothers patients with inflammatory pathology of the pharynx. Due to the peculiarities of the localization of cough receptors, the symptom of cough is often accompanied by a variety of diseases, but its most common cause, of course, is diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract and, in particular, pharyngitis. The inflammatory process in the respiratory tract (regardless of its location) is always accompanied by symptoms of discrinia, that is, a violation of mucus formation, rheological properties and transport of secretions from the upper and lower respiratory tract. In this regard, in the complex treatment of inflammation in the pharynx, it is advisable to prescribe systemic mucoregulators - drugs, the primary effect of which is to restore the rheological parameters of secretion of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract due to the effect on goblet cells of the epithelium (Table 2). Travisil (lozenges) belongs to a group of combination drugs for the treatment of coughs and colds. Travisil is used for infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract (bronchitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis), asthmatic cough, diseases of the oral cavity and smoker's cough. Travisil has a pronounced expectorant, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and deodorizing effect on the oral cavity due to its multicomponent composition of plant origin. Adatoda vasika has a strong expectorant, bronchodilator and antihistamine effect. Long-fruited pepper has an expectorant and mucolytic effect. Black pepper has a strong expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect, and has a deodorizing effect in the oral cavity. Zingiber officinalis has anti-inflammatory and antitussive effects. Licorice glabra reduces cough irritation and has an expectorant and diaphoretic effect. Emblica officinalis is a strong antitussive, has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and restorative effects, contains vitamin C. Turmeric Longa has anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effects. Acacia Katehu has an antihistamine and astringent effect, refreshes the oral cavity. Common fennel has an expectorant and antitussive effect, soothes sore throats, and improves the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Basil has a strong antitussive, expectorant, antipyretic and analgesic effect. Terminalia Chebula has an antihistamine, antimicrobial and antitussive effect. Terminalia Belerica has a pronounced antitussive and immunomodulatory effect. Large galangal has a strong anti-cold and anti-tussive effect. Hekveriti has anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effects. Menthol is an effective antiseptic and expectorant, deodorizes and refreshes the oral cavity. Travisil is used for dry and wet cough of bacterial and viral etiology by adults, 2-3 lozenges 3 times a day. Possible side effects due to an allergic reaction (skin rash, itching). Travisil is contraindicated in children under 6 years of age. In conclusion, we can say that topical antibacterial agents can be widely used in the treatment of pharyngitis. The choice of the optimal drug is determined by the spectrum of its antimicrobial activity, the absence of allergenicity and toxic effect. Of course, the most effective local drugs will not completely replace the need for systemic administration of antibiotics for sore throat and pharyngitis caused by β-hemolytic streptococcus. On the other hand, due to the nonbacterial etiology of many forms of pharyngitis, the emergence of an increasing number of resistant strains of bacteria, as well as the undesirable effects of general antibiotic therapy, local administration of drugs with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity is in many cases the method of choice.

Literature 1. Bakanova D.L., Grig M.G., Dykhno M.M. Antibiotics. –1976. – T.21. – No. 11. – P.988–992. 2. Grafskaya N.A. Correction of microbial imbalance of the pharynx in chronic pharyngitis. News of otorhinolaryngology and logopathology. –2002.–No. 1.–e. 6–8. 3. Gurov A.V., Luchikhin L.A., Polyakova T.S. Vestn. otorhinol. 2007;3:56–58. 4. Egorov A.A. Materials for the meeting. problems. Commission on Otorhinolaryngology of the Scientific Medical Council of the RSFSR and the Republic. scientific-practical conf. otorhinolaryngologists. Abstract message – M., 1980. – P.34–36. 5. Kokryakov V.N. Biology of antibiotics of animal origin. - St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1999. - 162 p. 6. Kryukov A.I., Sedinkin A.A. Materials of the Russian Conference of Otorhinolaryngologists. M, 2002; 362 – 363. 7. Luchikhin L.A., Belyakova L.V., Vasiliev R.A. Vestn. otorhinol. 2006; 4: 53 – 56. 8. Ovchinnikov A.Yu., Svistushkin V.M., Nikiforova G.N. Vestn. otorhinol. 2005; 5: 273 – 274 (Appendix). 9. Ovchinnikov Yu.M., Levin A.M., Fitilev S.B. Attending doctor. 2000; 4: 2–5. 10. Pokrovsky V.I., Pozdeev OK Medical microbiology. Educational literature for medical students. Universities. –M. – 1999. – 1184 p. 11. Pluzhnikov M.S., Lavrenova G.V. and others. Chronic tonsillitis. Clinic and immunological aspects. St. Petersburg. 2005; 206. 12. Pluzhnikov M.S., Panova N.V., Levin M.Ya., Lavrenova G.V., Afanasyeva I.A. Pharyngitis (clinical and morphological aspects and cryosurgery) / ed. M.S. Pluzhnikova – St. Petersburg: Dialog, 2006. – 120 p. 13. Svistushkin V.M. Inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract in older people: features of development and drug treatment. Consilium medicum. – 2003. – vol. 5. – No. 12. – p. 686–690. 14. Soldatov I.B. Pharynx. In the book: Guide to otorhinolaryngology. – M., 1994. – P.283–305. 15. Tarasova G.D. Vestn. otorhinol. 2005; 5: 335 – 336 (Appendix). 16. Khamzalieva R.B. Vestn. otorhinol. 2007; 2:28–29. 17. Medzhitov R., Janeway S. Science. - 2002. - Vol. 296. - P.298–300. 18. Orrling A., Karlsson E., Melhus A. et al. Ann. Otol., Rind., Laryngol. – 2001. – 110 (7). – P.690–5.

Yodangin

These throat lozenges are a dietary supplement, so they can be used without a doctor’s prescription as part of a comprehensive treatment for the underlying disease. Yodangina contains menthol, potassium iodide and sea salt. All these substances relieve inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat, reduce pain and soreness. The drug is prescribed exclusively to adults. “Yodangin” is inexpensive, it has a pleasant taste and natural composition, which customers like. And although there are no antiseptics or antimicrobial substances in the composition, throat lozenges relieve the unpleasant symptoms of ARVI (pain, cough, tickling).

YodAngin

Pharmaceutical industry, Russia

Lozenges, which are used for: Inflammation of the oral mucosa, inflammation of the throat, sore throat.
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