How to choose and install a turbocharger on a car with your own hands

Header>Steam turbine. The first mention of steam engines dates back to the beginning of the first century BC. The relatively simple principle of operation made this steam engine basic to mankind for hundreds of years. Let's try to make the simplest model of a steam turbine with our own hands.

We will need:

• Tin. I took a small one from tomato paste.
• Tin lids from larger diameter jars.
• Tin strip. It can be cut from the side of the can.
• Rivets with a diameter of 3mm and a length of 7 and 14mm.
• Screw with M5 nut.
• Aluminum wire.
• Candle. Instead of a candle, it is better to use a tablet of dry fuel or an alcohol lamp.

The stand options can be any. The simplest thing is to bend it out of aluminum wire.

The turbine is ready to start. It will be much easier to pour water by using a plastic bottle made from runny nose drops. You should not fill more than half the volume of our boiler with water. It is ideal to use a washer cut from the lead cable sheath as a sealing washer. You can use leather. If there is neither one nor the other, it is enough to take a standard one and tin it.

Now all that remains is to light the fire and wait for the water to boil. Steam will escape from the nozzle under pressure and spin the turbine.

The sight of a working turbine is mesmerizing. Now there is a desire to make a civilian tabletop version. Something in the steam punk style.

The manufacturing process and operation of a steam turbine on video.

Source: https://www.zabatsay.ru/temy/engine/53-simplesteamturbine

Danger of detonation

A car with a turbine is often susceptible to detonation that occurs in the engine due to an increase in the amount of fuel-air mixture. Several methods can be used to prevent the occurrence of danger:

• use fuel with a high octane number;
• enrich the air-fuel mixture to reduce engine efficiency. This method requires constant monitoring of fuel consumption, since excess fuel will burn outside the cylinders, heating the turbocharger, exhaust manifold and exhaust tract;
• reduce the ignition timing;
• reduce the compression ratio, for which special pistons are installed.

Fuel your car with high octane fuel

In order for the engine and turbine of a car to work correctly, they must be “correctly” controlled, for which the best option is to use software. The program must be configured for a specific engine, since any other setting may damage it.

What is a turbocharger and what does it consist of?

Mechanical turbocharger for a passenger car

In short, a turbocharger is a device for pumping compressed air into the engine cylinders.

Diagram of a standard mechanical compressor for passenger cars

Now let's look at this device in more detail.

Diagram of the movement of air and exhaust gases in a mechanical compressor

The engine works because the fuel-air mixture supplied to the cylinders is constantly burning. The optimal ratio of fuel and air in this mixture depends on the type of engine. The dimensions of the cylinders are also important: they limit the volume of the supplied mixture. A turbocharger eliminates this limitation. During the intake stroke, it supplies more air to the cylinders, further enriching the mixture. When burned, it releases much more energy, increasing engine power by 20–40%. There are two types of turbochargers:

1. Mechanical.
2. Electrical.

A mechanical turbocharger uses the energy of exhaust gases: they are supplied to the turbine impeller, causing it to rotate. The compressor blades are located on the same shaft, which creates the necessary flow of air pumped into the cylinders.

Electric turbochargers are relatively new. They do not use exhaust gases in their work. These devices build up pressure using separate compact electric compressors.

Is it possible to make an electric version with your own hands?

Steam turbine
Hypothetically it is possible, and many people install this on their car. Personally, I also thought about installing it on my car, but the price stopped me.

You need to solve a number of points:

1) Definitely installing a powerful generator, which is already expensive for a foreign car.

2) A powerful and compact electric motor, preferably brushless, it produces high speeds with optimal energy consumption. Personally, I have seen these for compact models, but with a power of 0.5 kW and above they are also not cheap.

3) Impeller and housing. You also need to make it yourself or buy it for maximum air injection. Also not an easy task.

4) And of course, a stabilizer or inverters to power the electric motor.

The tasks are not simple, some foreign cars do not have powerful generators, so it is very difficult to do!

But many craftsmen install it on their cars in the garage; an increase in power can actually be achieved up to 20 - 30%.

Moreover, many people install an additional air consumption sensor in the pipe in front of the turbine; it “sees” the pumped volume and automatically regulates a larger fuel supply (supplies values ​​to the ECU) to enrich the fuel mixture. So the firmware may not be needed.

To make your vehicle run more efficiently, automobile manufacturers often resort to turbocharging systems. But will the new type of turbocharger have such a positive effect on engine performance? To make a car's fuel consumption much lower, manufacturers often use one key solution - reducing the volume of the power unit. But among other things, in order for the performance of such engines to remain at a decent level, they usually install turbochargers that are controlled by the exhaust and have a delay, which is better known as “turbo lag”.

Cars have been subject to this problem for many years in a row, which was accompanied by constant complaints and dissatisfaction from the owners. What seemed to be a panacea was found - the simultaneous installation of two turbines, which minimized the effect of the turbo pit. But this, alas, did not become the key decision.

History of the Electric Turbine

After a long period of development, the electric turbine is ready for mass use. Controlled Power Technologies (CPT) was the first to announce this.

from Britain. The electric turbocharger, they say, is ready for mass production. SRT management has already signed an agreement with Switched Reluctance Drives Limited to develop an OEM module based on this technological base.

Switched Reluctance Drives will be engaged in mass production of electric compressors. British developers, meanwhile, have already succeeded in creating real electric compressors for internal combustion engines. The CPT turbocharger will be installed on any engine: naturally aspirated, turbocharged diesel or gasoline.

Controlled Power Technologies has been developing the electric turbine for almost eight years, work on it began at the beginning of the 21st century. The creators of the electric turbine claim that it can operate from an on-board power supply of 12 volts, and its use will save the engine from the effect of turbo lag, and will also operate the supercharger even at low speeds. The peculiarity of this technology is the use of regenerative energy. The back pressure that was previously released through the blow-off bypass valve when the accelerator is reset is now directed to rotate the flywheel turbine blades, allowing power to be generated and the battery to be charged.

A prototype of a machine with an electric turbine was developed by the German company AVL List.

The electric supercharger has been adapted to the two-liter petrol engine with direct fuel injection. Such a power unit, which was installed on the Volkswagen Passat, pollutes the atmosphere very delicately, so to speak, only 159 grams per kilometer, and this is as much as 20 percent less than a similar traditional 2.0 TFSI with the same power, and less, than a 170-horsepower turbodiesel with the same volume.

To bet or not to bet

Although there has long been a skeptical attitude towards installing turbocharging on a VAZ, turbocharged VAZs are becoming more common, there are fewer and fewer problems with the installation, and the effectiveness of this measure is becoming more and more obvious. Turbocharging of a gasoline engine or “turbocharging diesel” can be installed in a car service on any VAZ model. As tests show, with a completely insignificant increase in fuel consumption, power and torque increase by no less than 35-40%.

Is it possible to figure out the intricacies yourself and install a turbine without using the services of a car service? Of course, anything is possible. We bring to your attention a general scheme of work and some recommendations on how to install a turbocharger with your own hands.

A few words about Chinese electric turbines

Homemade antenna for car radio with your own hands

Literally 2 years ago, the “auto Internet” simply exploded with electric turbines from China. A small “thingy” was offered, which was installed in the gap in the air intake hose, which supposedly pumped air with pressure into the engine, a promised increase in power by as much as 15%! The engine itself was an incomprehensible cooler, neither electricity consumption, nor speed, nor pumped air - there were no indicators. If you even disassemble it visually, it becomes clear that this is a cooler similar to advanced computer coolers, so what can it increase? NOTHING! So we just don’t buy - it’s a SCAM.

Now, of course, other electric turbines are starting to appear on the same Chinese sites, many are even made in the shape of a snail - ala a mechanical compressor. But again, there are no indicators of pressure, consumption, or air pumping. Think before you buy. Let's watch an educational video.

Principle of structure

It should be noted that now some German manufacturers have such superchargers in their engines. And they are installed, as you understand, in the air intake system. Mercedes, BMW and AUDI were the first to use such superchargers.

The principle here is simple - a powerful “fan” is installed, which creates a pressure of approximately 0.5 atmospheres (and possibly more). Powered by the vehicle's electrical system, it pumps additional oxygen into the engine to increase power. With fuel supply settings, you can achieve a significant increase - about 20 - 30%.

The electric turbine should also be adjusted to certain speeds, for example, at idle it should work slower, and at high speeds, correspondingly faster. It turns out to be almost an ideal system! But what’s the catch, where are the downsides? And you know, they exist.

Pros and cons of turbocharging an internal combustion engine with your own hands

How does a turbine operate on a gasoline engine?

The main advantage for which motorists decide on such tuning is the increase in power of the power unit. By no other means will you achieve such an increase as by installing a turbocharger. Moreover, you can implement a budget option for supercharging with a compressor yourself, spending money only on equipment.

Note. When the engine develops more force, additional opportunities for tuning the car appear. For example, installing wheels of larger diameter will not worsen the driving performance of the car.

The second advantage of turbocharging is the reduction in fuel consumption. In theory, you get increased power with the same fuel consumption, although in practice this is not the case. As tuning enthusiasts say, it is very difficult to drive in the same calm mode and not “push” when the engine is capable of more. In fact, gasoline consumption increases due to an active driving style.

Turbine on a Lada Priora car

Now about the disadvantages:

• all engine parts, starting with the cylinder-piston group, wear out faster due to increased load;
• the same applies to transmission elements not designed for increased torque;
• the car will have to be refueled only with high-quality gasoline with an octane rating of at least 95, and in some cases - 98;
• the event will cost you a pretty penny.

Installing a turbocharger makes sense if you want to increase the power and speed of your car. For everyday driving to work or transporting goods, such drastic changes are not necessary; it is enough to keep the car in good technical condition

Do not forget that any carelessness in handling a turbocharged engine can lead to its breakdown and major repairs.

Advice. If you are the owner of a VAZ car and want to install a supercharger for relatively little money, then it is better to start with a compressor. Its installation will not require major modifications to the engine and fuel system, and you can handle the installation yourself. To install a turbine, you will have to hire specialists to remake the engine and reflash the controller.

Firmware for the controller requires knowledge and special equipment

The last argument in favor of turbocharging is the tax provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on each additional kW of power of the vehicle’s power plant. Installation of supercharged units allows you to increase engine power with a constant annual payment to the state.

Advantages and disadvantages of a compressor in a car

At first glance, it may seem that no problems should arise due to the installation of turbocharging. But that's not true. This device has several disadvantages, and in especially severe cases it can pose a real danger to the driver. The advantages of the turbine are obvious:

• engine power increases by 20–45% (the degree of power increase depends both on the size and type of engine, and on the compressor model);
• a mechanical compressor reuses exhaust gases and therefore benefits the environment;

Now let's move on to the cons.

• As the fuel-air mixture becomes richer, its combustion temperature increases. The engine heats up more, as a result of which the pistons and valves burn out faster, and the cooling system wears out faster;
• An engine with an overheated compressor may explode. In the literal sense of the word;
• even if none of the above happened, the use of a turbocharger significantly reduces the life of any engine;

Turbine installation

Whether it is possible to install a turbine on a car depends on the specific car model. In some cases, it is easier to purchase a new car than to select spare parts. If you decide to do this, then find a good technician, because it’s quite difficult to handle the installation yourself.

The conversion process begins with the removal of all parts in the car related to the air intake and exhaust. The new turbo manifold is connected to the turbine, which is deployed so that work with connecting the pipes is simplified as much as possible.

The bearings of a turbine that rotates at high speed constantly need lubrication. The oil supply pipe is connected to the place in the engine where the oil comes under pressure.

You can also use the oil pressure sensor tee for connection. The other end of the tube is connected to the top of the turbine cartridge. The oil will drain under low pressure into the pan through a special nipple. The cooling system will be connected on the other side of the water pump.

As more air enters the engine, it will require more fuel. To increase its flow, more efficient nozzles are installed. It also wouldn't hurt to install a new fuel pump that matches the injectors. But whether to do this is decided on a case-by-case basis.

Excessive air pressure in the engine will be controlled electronically. Coolant and air temperature sensors are connected to it. The controller must be calibrated so that fuel is injected at exactly the right time based on the engine condition.

The firmware of the motor should be done by a specialist with extensive experience behind him. Otherwise, by changing the factory settings, you can render the engine inoperative, and then spend money on repairing it.

If a compressor is installed on the car, the setup will be much easier. You won't need so many additional parts. It will be able to work at low and high speeds.

In general, the conversion process is quite labor-intensive and requires skills. Accordingly, the price of the issue will be high. Whether you need this, decide for yourself. But with successful installation of the turbine, the dynamic characteristics of the car are significantly improved.

Selection Criteria

If you still decide to purchase a unit, then you will need some criteria that you can rely on when choosing.

The choice is simplified by the fact that only generator furnaces are suitable for home use, and large-sized power plants are used for industrial use. Typically, the power of such stations varies from 100–200 kW.

When choosing a device, pay attention to what area it will serve and how much power you need to count on.

Scheme of operation of an electric generator with a Peltier element

To calculate the amount of fuel required, you will need to plan the degree of efficiency and use of the unit; the volume of the firewood container will depend on these indicators.

Turbine properties

The main task of the turbine is to increase the power of the machine's engine. Currently, there are many ways to increase engine power: chip tuning, installing zero-resistance filters, boring cylinders, polishing intake channels, using nitrous oxide. The most affordable and easiest way to increase engine power is a turbine for a car.

The job of turbocharging is to exhaust exhaust gases to the turbine wheel blades through the exhaust manifold. The turbine wheel is mounted on the same axis with a compression wheel, which pumps up high air pressure and supplies it to the engine intake manifold. These actions significantly increase engine power and reduce fuel consumption.

Weather vane to increase traction

Turbine installation: description, features, diagram and reviews This amplifier, unlike the previous one, can rotate around the chimney. The principle of operation of the device is its response to air currents, as a result of which the traction amplifier takes the appropriate direction from any blow of wind. Air is blown into special grilles, which creates a constant vacuum in the pipe.

Do-it-yourself turbocharging on a VAZ

Today, turbocharging on a VAZ is exotic. But the advantages in terms of power of turbo engines over “atmospheric” ones contribute to the emergence of cars that are equipped with turbines. In fact, turbocharging a VAZ with your own hands means getting the maximum number of horses. With the same volume, a turbocharged engine can have twice the power with the same fuel consumption. Today, turbo engines with a small displacement have come into fashion. The specificity of such engines is such that while most improvements do not give anything on naturally aspirated engines, the results obtained on turbine engines are amazing. Many people have the opinion that with direct flow it is easier for the engine to “breathe” and spin. But these are unproven opinions. If a naturally aspirated engine produces more sound than direct flow, then it is easy to achieve high results with a turbo with simple intake and exhaust. Let's consider a turbocharger for a VAZ with our own hands in terms of modernization, the option of installing a low-pressure turbine and an engine with distributed injection. The standard crankshaft, connecting rods and cylinder block can be used. Valves and camshaft too. There may be differences in the cylinder head and pistons because... installing a turbine will require reducing the compression level. And this result can be achieved either by special pistons or by enlarging the combustion chamber. You can leave the original pistons, and limit yourself to just the head. Injection requires an enlarged receiver and a non-standard control program. It is worth noting that turbocharging a VAZ with your own hands will also require changes in lubrication. The exhaust is also different - a turbine is now located between the exhaust pipe and the exhaust manifold. It is advisable to use a standard resonator and muffler, but to obtain high power, you can also install a direct-flow exhaust. Installation of a low-pressure turbine is at your discretion and according to your capabilities. In the case of a VAZ car, do-it-yourself turbocharging on a VAZ is mounted on the right wheel drive between the exhaust pipe and the exhaust manifold. The compressor is supplied with two air pipes. The first is connected to the receiver, and the second to the air filter. Thus, the most scarce and expensive part is the turbine. For comparison, you can give a turbine with the characteristics of a factory car and a turbocharged one. The latter car is equipped with a standard exhaust, so it is not tuned to produce much power. A car with a turbocharged engine allows you to get maximum power.

Which engines are easier to turbocharge?

Even if you are planning to improve a car of the “classic” series, it is better not to be lazy and buy a 16-valve Priora engine. Fortunately, there is now no need to register the installation of a new engine through the traffic police, since this element is a spare part. The advantage of installing a 16-valve engine is that it is much easier to repair, and tuning is also carried out without any difficulties. But the most important thing is that it initially has very high power, much higher than on any other Lada car.

Yes, and you no longer need to get into the engine structure, adjust the gaps in the valve mechanism, or adjust the SOP. Please note that carburetor engines cannot be turbocharged, no matter what anyone says. The essence of the turbine is that it pumps pressure into the intake manifold and creates air pressure that enters the combustion chambers with fuel.

If you put a turbine on a carburetor engine, it will simply stop working. Eight-valve injection engines may be suitable, but they have much less power, and if you value every horsepower, then this is a significant disadvantage.

Disadvantages of the electric option

Many of my readers think that making such a system is very simple, you need to take some kind of cooler and insert it into the air intake pipe and that’s happiness! Such “miracle coolers” are usually sold in Chinese online stores; we’ll talk about these types below.

However, guys, not everything is so simple here. In normal (idling) mode, a naturally aspirated 1.6-liter engine consumes approximately 300 - 400 liters of air per hour of operation. And at high speeds, say 4000 - 5000, we multiply this figure by 4 - 5, that is, 1200 - 1600 liters. Just imagine this volume! If you calculate the minute consumption 300/60 = 5 liters per minute, or 20 at high speeds.

So - the electric turbine should increase this figure, and not slow it down! If you install a weak engine, it will not pump up the required pressure, but will create an “air lock” effect, that is, with its blades it will slow down the flow of air into the engine and interfere with normal passage.

Now imagine what an electric version of the engine is needed to pump such a volume! I repeat, to increase performance you need at least 6 - 7 liters of air at idle, and 25 at high, and this is for the 1.6 liter version; for larger volumes you need more.

If we draw an analogy with German manufacturers, then they use at least a brushless 0.5 kW electric motor, which rotates at crazy speeds, can reach up to 20,000 and its pressure capacity ranges from 1 to 5 atmospheres.

For more powerful cars, more powerful engines up to 0.7 kW are used.

As it becomes clear, a standard generator may not be able to handle such electricity consumption, so it is replaced with a more powerful one, or an additional one is installed.

And as you know, high energy consumption simply slows down the generators, and therefore increases engine braking, which will affect its output and reduce efficiency.

However, the experiments carried out revealed an increase in productivity by approximately 20–30%, which is significant. But due to the complexity and high cost of the devices, application on cars is not yet in mass production.

For example, mechanical compressors are much cheaper and more efficient. Sometimes the difference in price can reach 5 – 7 times.

Thermoelectric generators

Power plants with generators built according to the Peltier principle are quite an interesting option.

Physicist Peltier discovered an effect that boils down to the fact that when electricity is passed through conductors consisting of two dissimilar materials, heat is absorbed at one of the contacts, and heat is released at the other.

Moreover, this effect is the opposite - if the conductor is heated on one side and cooled on the other, then electricity will be generated in it.

conclusions

As you can see, a carburetor engine with a turbine has a right to exist and may even turn out to be more profitable compared to a conventional atmospheric one, although such a conversion will cause trouble and require serious alterations and financial costs. For obvious reasons, in practice, turbocharged carburetor internal combustion engines are very rare, especially in civilian cars.

Also, before installing the compressor, you should first decide in what modes you plan to operate the car: high-speed driving on the highway or ordinary everyday trips around the city.

It is also important to select and correctly configure the turbine in accordance with the working volume of the power unit itself. As a rule, the setup process is no less labor-intensive than installation. As for the service life of the engine, in most cases, installing supercharging on an atmospheric unit somehow reduces the service life of the engine and gearbox, especially if the engine and transmission were not specially prepared and modified for this

As for the engine life, in most cases, installing supercharging on a naturally aspirated unit somehow reduces the service life of the engine and gearbox, especially if the engine and transmission were not specially prepared and modified for this.

Device classification

The classification of the device is extensive. Today it can be asynchronous and synchronous, with a fixed rotor or stator, single-phase, two-phase and three-phase, with independent or self-excitation, with field windings or excitation from a permanent magnet.

Note! It is worth noting that at the moment three-phase models are more popular due to the rotating circular magnetic field, the balance of the system, operation in several modes and high levels of efficiency.

Equipment classification

Types and characteristics of turbochargers

Today there is a wide variety of turbochargers, but they can be divided into groups according to their purpose and applicability, the type of turbine used and additional functionality.

Based on their purpose, turbochargers can be divided into several types:

The most widely used are single-stage supercharging systems built on the basis of a single turbocharger. However, such a system may contain two or four identical units - for example, in V-engines, separate turbochargers are used for each row of cylinders, in multi-cylinder engines (more than four turbochargers can be used, each of which operates on 2, 4 or more cylinders. Less common received two-stage supercharging systems and various variations of Twin-Turbo; they use two turbochargers with different characteristics that can only work in pairs.

Based on their applicability, turbochargers can be divided into several groups:

• By engine type - for gasoline, diesel and gas power units;
• By engine volume and power - for power units of low, medium and high power; for high speed engines, etc.

Turbochargers can be equipped with one of two types of turbine:

• Radial (radial-axial, centripetal) - the exhaust gas flow is supplied to the periphery of the turbine impeller, moves to its center and is discharged in the axial direction;
• Axial - the exhaust gas flow is supplied along the axis (to the center) of the turbine impeller and removed from its periphery.

Today, both schemes are used, but on small engines you can often find turbochargers with a radial-axial turbine, and on powerful power units, preference is given to axial turbines (although this is not the rule). Regardless of the type of turbine, all turbochargers are equipped with a centrifugal compressor - in it, air is supplied to the center of the impeller and removed from its periphery.

Modern turbochargers can have different functionality:

• Double inlet - the turbine has two inlets, each of them receives exhaust gases from one group of cylinders, this solution reduces pressure drops in the system and improves the stability of the boost;
• Variable geometry - the turbine has movable blades or a sliding ring, through which you can change the flow of exhaust gases to the impeller, this allows you to change the characteristics of the turbocharger depending on the operating mode of the engine.

Finally, turbochargers differ in their basic performance characteristics and capabilities. The main characteristics of these units include:

• The degree of pressure increase is the ratio of the air pressure at the compressor outlet to the air pressure at the inlet, lies in the range of 1.5-3;
• Compressor flow (air flow through the compressor) - the mass of air passing through the compressor per unit of time (second) lies in the range of 0.5-2 kg/s;
• The operating speed range ranges from several hundred (for powerful diesel locomotive, industrial and other diesel engines) to tens of thousands (for modern forced engines) revolutions per second. The maximum speed is limited by the strength of the turbine and compressor impellers; if the rotation speed is too high, the wheel may collapse due to centrifugal forces. In modern turbochargers, the peripheral points of the wheels can rotate at speeds of 500-600 m/s or more, that is, 1.5-2 times faster than the speed of sound, this is what causes the characteristic whistling of the turbine;
• The operating/maximum temperature of the exhaust gases at the turbine inlet is in the range of 650-700°C, in some cases reaching 1000°C;
• Turbine/compressor efficiency is usually 0.7-0.8; in one unit, the turbine efficiency is usually less than the compressor efficiency.

Typical diagram of an internal combustion engine air charging system

The units also differ in size, type of installation, the need to use auxiliary components, etc.

And what does a vacuum cleaner have to do with it?

Indeed, what relation can it have to a compressor and a spray gun? And here's what - some models of vacuum cleaners are equipped with a hole for blowing air. These are the old Soviet vacuum cleaners - “Rocket”, “Pioneer”, “Chaika”, or “Typhoon” . On foreign analogues this function is less common. Due to the blown air, you can provide a fairly tolerable replacement for the compressor. The device is not suitable for professional work, nor is it suitable for high-pressure guns. But even such a weak air pressure will completely squeeze out the liquid mixture.

The functioning of homemade steam equipment and its features

So, the mini-electric machine is ready and you can start testing it.
Having poured water into the kettle and placed it on the stove, we notice that when it boils, steam is formed, the energy of which is enough to charge a mobile phone or operate an LED light bulb.

It is typical that at home such a power plant can be used as a toy, since due to the low power of electricity, it is not enough to operate equipment or household appliances.

Unfortunately, building a steam turbine at home, the power of which will be about 500 W or more, is very difficult and involves large financial costs.

Watch the video in which an experienced user demonstrates the capabilities and design of a self-made steam turbine:

Where is vacuum used?

The manufacture of vacuum pumps is of interest to home craftsmen who know how to use them. For most ordinary people, the unit is of no value. In fact, with the help of air pumping, many useful things are realized:

1. Long-term storage of clothes and food. Just put them in a plastic bag, connect the pump and immediately seal them. The packaging will turn into a reliable container, free of bacteria and harmful microorganisms.
2. Vacuum canning in jars.
3. Filtration of various solutions through the smallest meshes.
4. Removing air and moisture from the evaporator and condenser units when installing a domestic air conditioner.
5. Oil extraction when repairing an automobile diesel or gasoline engine.

Similar devices are also used for vacuum body massage and operation of machines - presses, packers and molders.

How to install a turbocharger

First, let's list everything you need for the job.

Tools and Supplies

• Set of spanners.
• Set of open-end wrenches.
• Set of clamps for air pipes.
• The screwdriver is flat.
• Turbocharger.
• A piece of thin wire with a diameter of 2 mm
• Container with turbine oil.
• Container with kerosene.
• Rags.

Sequence of operations when installing turbocharging

• open the car hood, remove the carburetor and air filter;

  The car air filter can be unscrewed and removed

• using open-end wrenches, all air pipes are unscrewed and washed in kerosene (if this operation is not possible, the removed pipes can be wiped with a rag soaked in gasoline, but kerosene is still preferable);

  The air pipes of the machine are removed and cleaned with kerosene

• using a wire, all channels through which air enters the engine are cleaned;

  Engine air duct tubes are cleaned with wire

• the turbocharger is connected to the air supply system and securely fixed;

  The turbocharger is installed on the air supply system

• the pipes for air injection and exhaust gas outlet are also fixed with special clamps;

  The pipes of the inlet and exhaust systems are fixed with clamps

• The turbocharger shaft is turned several times by hand, while at the same time a little turbine oil is poured into the device. The turbine rotor should not stop;

  Oil is poured into the turbocharger using a funnel

• the air filter, carburetor and pipes are installed in their original places, after which the car engine starts at low speeds. The machine must be allowed to run for at least 15 seconds, after which the engine must be re-inspected;
• if no problems are found, the installation of the turbocharger can be considered successful;

What is a heat generator

Equipment of this class is represented by two main types of devices:

• Stator;
• Notorny (vortex).

However, cavitation models also appeared not so long ago, which may in the near future become a worthy replacement for units operating on conventional types of fuel.

The difference between stator and rotor devices is that in the first, the liquid is heated using nozzles located at the inlet and outlet openings of the unit. In the second type of generators, heat is generated during pump rotations, leading to turbulence in the water.

Let's watch the video, the generator in operation, measurements:

In terms of performance, a vortex heat generator assembled by yourself is somewhat superior to a stator one. It has 30% more heat transfer. And although such equipment is presented on the market today in various modifications, differing in rotors and nozzles, the essence of their work does not change. Based on these parameters, it is still better to assemble a heat generator on your own of the vortex type. How to do this will be discussed below.

Modern steam power plant in action

The heat exhausted from the steam turbine enters the condenser through tubes. The amount of heat released is large, and therefore the cooling water must be heated only slightly. In view of this, the consumption of powerful steam turbine units is very high. Sometimes it can reach up to 20,000 m3/hour. Especially if the power of the station is 100,000 kW. In these cases, cooling water is supplied to circular pumps from the river and, after performing its own function, it is discharged back into the river, only below the point of intake.

The action of a strong stream of steam on the blades causes the shaft to rotate in steam turbines

In steam turbines, the structure is such that the possible energy of the steam, after undergoing the process of expansion in the nozzles, is converted into kinetic energy capable of moving at high speed. A powerful stream of steam is supplied to curved blades, which are fixed around the circumference of a disk mounted on a shaft. The action of a strong stream of steam on the blades causes the shaft to rotate.

To change the energy of steam into kinetic energy, it is necessary to ensure its free exit from the steam generator in which it is located, through the nozzle, into space. Plus, the steam pressure is needed more than the pressure of that very space. You need to know that steam will come out at a very high speed.

The rate of steam exit from the nozzle depends on the following factors:

• From temperature and pressure to increase;
• What pressure is there in the space into which it flows;
• The shape of the nozzle through which the steam flows also affects the speed.

The turbine shaft must be connected to the shaft of the working machine itself. What it will be depends on the area in which the working machine is used. This could be energy, metallurgy, turbogenerator drives, blowers, air blowers, pumps, water and railway transport.