Do-it-yourself branch chopper, diagrams of garden crushers for the dacha

Main components of a garden shredder

To independently assemble a grass and branch chopper (shredder) at home, you must first understand the structure of the mechanism, as well as the principle of its operation. This will help you assemble the equipment correctly and, if necessary, make changes to its design.

A homemade unit, designed for grinding mown grass and sawn branches up to several centimeters thick, has the following main structural components:

engine;
knives mounted on the working shaft;
frame (usually metal);
protective casing;
a box designed to receive cut vegetation;
starting system.

The equipment itself can be made stationary or mobile. To create the latter option, you will additionally need wheels, as well as a handle. To make the frame, use metal corners or ready-made frames from workbenches. Boxes for processed vegetation are made from plastic buckets, tin, and bags. The protective casing around the knives should be thick and durable enough so as not to quickly wear out from the impact of grinding vegetation.

When processing plant debris, crushed pieces may fly out of the opening through which it is fed. Therefore, the neck is covered with a lid or simply with a cloth, for example, a bag.

The operation of the chopper is that rotation from the motor shaft is transmitted directly to the knives or through a chain/belt drive. The vegetation chopped by the blades enters the box. In this case, the final product is immediately ready for use.

According to the principle of operation, some homemade shredders are comparable to a meat grinder (they draw in and then grind organic matter), while others are comparable to a coffee grinder.

Care

Before using the equipment, you must carefully study the technical documentation so as not to unknowingly damage the mechanism. You should pay attention to the following points:

The raw materials entering the machine must be the same size as specified in the instructions.
It is necessary to carefully monitor the raw materials that are poured into the crusher so that stones, glass, plastic and other material do not fall into it.
Try to avoid getting into the root mechanism with soil that is on the root system.
To increase the life of the shredder, wood waste must be fresh.

Varieties of engines for assembling homemade products

Electric and gasoline engines removed from unused equipment are used as a drive for homemade products. Each of these two options has its own advantages and disadvantages. Models with an internal combustion engine are more convenient in that their operation does not require a nearby power supply. But in general, they are more expensive and have a more complex design than their counterparts equipped with an electric motor. Therefore, it is easier to make electrical equipment, and also more compact.

The maximum thickness of cut branches that a branch chipper can grind depends on the power of the electric motor installed on it and the characteristics of the knives.

Models with a motor up to 1.5 kW are capable of grinding sticks up to 20 mm in diameter. They are designed for low intensity work.
If an electric motor of 3 to 4 kW is installed, then such units can chop branches up to 40 mm thick.
More powerful electric motors (over 4 kW) are used to make a shredder for wood with a diameter of 7-15 cm.

The drive of the last category is equipped with equipment if it is necessary to constantly perform large volumes of work associated with the processing of waste of various thicknesses.

To create a homemade shredder, you can use electric motors from an angle grinder, washing machine, or trimmer. They must be adapted to work from a stationary network with a voltage of 220 V. In order to grind material as thick as possible at home, it is recommended to equip the shredder with an electric motor of 1500 rpm with a power of about 3.5 kW. This parameter for internal combustion engines corresponds to 5-6 horsepower.

Motor from an old washing machine

conclusions

Most home craftsmen can make a grass cutter. Use an oil flask, barrel, etc. as a tank. To make a homemade product, you will need a set of tools:

Bulgarian;
drill;
welding inverter;
set of locksmith tools.

The main consumable part is the engine. Users used used drives. Is it profitable to make grass cutters yourself? Compare prices for factory models and calculate how much it will cost you to buy parts for homemade products. Don't forget to add time costs.

Want to know more? to the authors of grass cutters in the topic Homemade Grass Cutter “Monster 2015”.

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Types of cutting attachments used

Homemade products, like factory units, are equipped with cutting attachments of various types:

disc (with three blades);

milling-turbine (universal).

The first type is flat blades. When they rotate, they grind plant debris. If you have to process branches, then such blades quickly become dull. Milling knives are a cutting shaft in the form of gears from circular saws. They grind dry waste from branches and grass well, and clog the cutters with wet waste. Milling-turbine cutting attachments can cope with thick and undried branches, but making them yourself is difficult.

At home, knives from lawn mowers or made from wood saws are often used.

It should be taken into account that the degree of processing of plant waste directly depends on the installed cutting attachments. The output is pieces of branches from 10 cm long or shavings or dust.

Classification

Crushers are classified according to grinding/crushing technology:

Cheek. They consist of a movable and a fixed jaw, located to each other in a wedge-shape, and the narrow part of the wedge must correspond to the parameters of semi-finished wood products that are planned to be manufactured. The moving jaw puts pressure on the wood, which is poured into the crusher from above, bringing it closer to the jaw, which is stationary during operation. Under pressure, the wood collapses to the same size as the narrow part of the cheek, after which it crumbles.
Impact roller. In such machines, wood is poured into the receiving compartment, hits the rollers rotating towards each other during operation, is destroyed and spills out of the outlet.
Conical. They consist of a glass and a moving cone-shaped finger. The wood is poured into a glass, a cone-shaped finger enters the glass, breaks the raw material, and upon exiting, destroys it to the required size and crumbles it.
Drums. The equipment consists of a drum into which wood is supplied. When the equipment is turned on, the raw materials are destroyed by hitting each other when the drum is brought to the required speed.
Roller. They consist of a roller and a bowl, the roller unwinds, gradually approaching the bowl, the raw material is crushed, falling between the bowl and the roller.
Hammer. They consist of hammers attached to the rotor. Raw materials are poured on top while the rotor rotates, broken into small pieces with hammers and crumbled.

Wood chipper can be classified according to the size of wood crushing:

Technological chips. There is a state standard for process chips that reflects the requirements for the final result, namely the size of the chips, quality, mass fraction of residues as a percentage on sieves with different diameters and trays.
Special shavings. The settings of the machine are important, because the size of the chips used in the manufacture of particle boards depends on this.
Wood crushed fraction. This includes wood flour, wood dust and other crushed wood fractions, which are used in the production of linoleum, linkcrust, glass and other finished products.

Garden shredder from washing machine

An old Soviet-made washing machine with a metal body is a technique that contains almost all the necessary parts for assembling a garden shredder. You only need knives with fasteners, as well as an extension cord.

To make a cutting attachment, you can use an old wood saw.

Tools you will need:

angle grinder;
pliers;
spanners;
screwdriver;
electric drill;
hammer;
tape measure with marker.

The washing machine motor has a small power (different models have different power), which is indicated in the instructions for the household appliance or on the electric motor plate. Due to the fact that its value usually does not exceed 500 watts, with the help of the created unit it will be possible to grind only straw or grass.

A shredder from a washing machine is made like this.

The body of the machine is cut to height so that it is convenient to work with the unit.
At the bottom side, a rectangular hole is cut in it with a grinder, 20 cm wide and 7 cm high, intended for throwing out ground plants.
Around the slot, a kind of casing is made of tin, which will direct the herbal mass into the collection container, while preventing it from scattering to the sides.
They make legs.
Attach the body to the stand.
2 holes with a diameter of 7 mm are drilled on the electric motor shaft. Then a threaded bushing is placed on it, as well as holes at the end more than 5 cm long, securing it with bolts.
An electric motor is secured under the bottom of the box using studs and nuts.
Inside the casing, knives are secured to a sleeve, placing them above the grass ejection hole or at the same level with it.
The box is attached by welding or bolts to the stand.

The result will be a technique similar to the one shown in the photo below.

The start button will come from a converted washing machine. You just need to make sure to connect the extension cord of sufficient length.

The design and operation of a grass cutter from a modern washing machine is shown in the video

DIY making

A homemade version of the machine is often a simple design, with a low power of kW and a simple way of working. The work must be performed in several stages:

Scheme selection. As you know, each sawdust crusher differs in design and operating principle. You need to decide in advance which option to assemble, what will be the main cutting mechanism - a saw or knives. Make a drawing.
Preparation of tools and materials. If everything is not prepared, the assembly can take many weeks or even years. It's better to have everything at hand right away.
Assembly. This stage is the most important; it consists of two parts: assembling the body and assembling the working part. Assembling and installing the shaft, making the structure convenient and safe are the main tasks of the third stage.

Each stage of work should be studied in more detail in order to avoid mistakes that will damage the structure for cutting sawdust.

Homemade grass grinder from a grinder

A grass grinder made from a grinder is a fairly simple and quickly implemented option. To implement the project, you will need to stock up on the following parts and materials:

steel corners;
metal container (regular boiling);
homemade or ready-made knives (for example, from a lawn mower);
fasteners;
sheet metal.

Tools you will need:

electric drill;
welding machine and electrodes for it;
an angle grinder to cut corners;
spanners.

To assemble a shredder with your own hands based on an angle grinder, capable of grinding not only grass, but also branches up to 4 cm thick, it is recommended to use a power tool with a power of over 3 kW.

The creation of a grinding unit is carried out in the following sequence:

cut the corners into pieces with a grinder;
a frame resembling a chair is welded from them;
weld a shelf from a piece of sheet metal;
attach the grinder to the made frame (on the stand) with clamps, placing its shaft towards the top;
cut a hole about 10 by 10 cm in the side of the boil-out;
a sleeve, for example, made of tin, is attached to the slot, through which the ground plant mass will be dispensed from the container;
make a hole in the center at the bottom of the boil;
install the container on the angle grinder shaft and attach it with bolts or self-tapping screws to the metal frame;
Place the knife or disc on the angle grinder.

The result will be the design shown in the photo below.

The dimensions of the corners are selected individually to make it convenient to handle the mechanism.

It should be remembered that the frame must be stable. The safety of working with the device will depend on this.

Place a bucket or other container under the pipe for dispensing chopped grass with branches while working with the unit so that the processed plants do not fly away.

The created device can be improved. To do this, you will need a grinder shaft attachment about 15 cm long with two knives: at the upper end and in the middle. The blades are separated by a mesh attached to the casing wall.

How to make a disc crusher?

If you like this type of chopper, then you need to understand that its assembly will require good welding skills. In addition, you need to prepare the following materials:

steel sheet with a thickness of 10 to 16 mm;
the same, 5 mm thick - on the casing and loading hopper;
high-carbon steel for knives, a car spring is suitable;
round or profile pipes to weld the frame;
steel shaft with a diameter of 20 mm;
2 rolling bearings No. 307 or others;
fasteners (bolts and nuts)
pulleys, belt.

Grass cutter from trimmer

A garden shredder can be made using a gasoline or electric trimmer. In this case, the tool will work in an upside-down position. To create equipment designed to chop grass and thin twigs, you will need, in addition to a brush cutter with cutting attachments, the following materials:

plastic or metal container with a volume of at least 50 liters;
approximately 1 sq.m. steel mesh with small mesh size;
about 3 meters of metal tube (aluminum or steel) half an inch in diameter;
a piece of board or moisture-resistant chipboard, plywood of such width that the trimmer fits on it;
clamps that will attach the brush cutter to the wooden base;
self-tapping screws, bolts, nuts, washers;
wooden blocks (5 by 5 cm is enough).

To assemble a chopping mechanism from a trimmer, you will need to use the following tools and devices:

a screwdriver or screwdriver with bits;
electric drill with a set of drills for wood and metal;
an electric jigsaw with files for cutting metal or a manual equivalent;
hammer;
open-end or socket wrenches;
punch;
an anvil or a flat iron plate.

A punch is needed to make it convenient to drill holes with an electric drill. This tool is pointed at the point where the metal needs to be drilled. Then it is hit with a hammer. The drill does not slip out of the resulting recess when drilling a metal part.

Hole punch set

Preparatory activities

A grass cutter from a brush cutter is manufactured in a number of stages. Initially, they are prepared in a container where the grass and branches will be ground:

make markings on the bottom (along the perimeter) for four trapezoidal holes with rounded corners;
drill holes with a cross section of 1 cm in each drawn segment;
a jigsaw file is inserted into them and trapezoids are cut out;
process the cuts with a file or sandpaper;
a hole is drilled in the center of the bottom for the chopper shaft;
a circle is cut out of steel mesh with dimensions according to the diameter of the bottom;
using small scraps of boards or blocks, the prepared mesh fragment is secured to the container from below;
Legs for the container are made from metal tubes, attaching them to the tank with bolts.

The wooden pieces are fixed with self-tapping screws, twisting them from the inside of the tank into metal jumpers between the cut trapezoids. In this way, the mesh is securely attached to the bottom of the container.

The legs are made in the following way:

bend the tubes in a vice or using a pipe bender in the shape of the letter “P”;
the ends of future supports are flattened with a hammer;
2 holes are drilled into them on each side (6.5 or 8.5 mm cross-section);
fit the workpieces to the bottom of the container and mark the points of bolted connections;
drill according to the hole mark;
using bolts with washers and nuts, attach to the footrest casing.

After preparing the casing, in order to reduce the dimensions of the created mechanism, the following operations are performed:

disassemble the trimmer, disconnecting the motor, rod and cutting attachment from each other;
cut off a fragment approximately 20-40 centimeters long from the rod with the cable;
collect the lawn mower;
check the performance of the equipment.

Chopper assembly

If the trimmer works well after assembly, then it is used to create a grass grinder.

The motor of the brush cutter is attached to the board with clamps.
Fix the bar on a wooden base using clamps and a handle from a brush cutter.
Connect the cutting attachment to the end of the rod, previously inserted into the hole at the bottom of the casing.
They start the mechanism and test it in operation.

After these steps, you will get a unit, the photograph of which is presented below.

If the trimmer used to assemble the shredder is equipped with a gasoline engine, then the motor is placed on the base so that it is convenient to fill in fuel, start the device and regulate its operation (speed).

Cutting attachments are equipped with knives or fishing line - this depends on the thickness of the plant stems being chopped.

Design Features

With the help of a wood chipper, it becomes possible to quickly and efficiently distill plant residues, including woody materials, into wood chips. The resulting material is the most important component of compost or fuel for boilers operating on solid fuel. The device solves the issue of recycling organic waste on the site, without the need for its urgent (and paid) removal.

This saves space on the site and, if necessary, provides a supply of fuel for the winter. A waste crusher, like many other motorized (mechanical) devices, is made by hand from ready-made parts and functional units. Another area of application for wood chips is for smoking meat, fish, and sausages. The crusher for producing chips and straws requires the following components:

frame (supporting structure with engine);
shaft with cutters and transmission mechanics;
receiving and loading compartments;
protective housing that prevents clogging of the engine and the entire drive as a whole.

The device weighs a lot - up to 10 kg, depending on its power and throughput. It is recommended to assemble the wood chipper on the basis of a two-wheeled base - this will allow you to easily roll the device directly to the place of work. The chip cutter works as follows.

The motor, which starts when power is supplied, drives the transmission mechanism, and with it the shaft on which the cutting consumables are installed.
Having received the initial raw materials (large fragments of wood, branches, tops, etc.), rotating disc knives cut them into crumbs and splinters.
The crushed raw materials obtained during operation of the device enter the unloading compartment and fall out.

The operating principle of a wood chip cutter is similar to that of a simple meat grinder. Only instead of parts of wasted farm animals, fragments of plants are cut up here.

What else can a chopper be made from?

There are many different options for creating garden shredders with your own hands: from the simplest ones, which only allow you to grind grass, to more structurally complex, powerful units designed for wood up to 10 cm thick. Accordingly, the practical implementation of the plan will require different details, different amounts of time and money.

To assemble equipment for processing plant waste, in addition to the considered options for old or unnecessary tools or equipment, you can use the following devices:

drill or hammer drill;
an old working vacuum cleaner;
unnecessary electric saw;
motor from the pump;
gasoline or electric walk-behind tractor;
any electric motor of suitable power.

A drill with a hammer drill, if you use them to chop grass, you don’t need to redo it at all. It is enough to make only a nozzle with blades. The created device will work like a blender, grinding soft plant stems into a container in small portions.

The concept of a wood chipper

Most often, a wood chip cutter is necessary for people who are planning to build a room from wood concrete blocks. Buying a factory machine is an expensive idea.

There are the following types of crushers, all of which can be made by hand:

With rotary hammer mechanism. The easiest to manufacture and most versatile device. Suitable for processing wood waste of any type.
Drum. Difficult to implement because it is not so easy to find a drum of the right size.
Disk. This type of machine is easy to make with your own hands. It consists of a shaft on which disks are mounted. The dimensions of the chopped wood are subject to adjustment. It is carried out by increasing or decreasing the distance between the disks.
Shredder. It has a complex design and is used for coarse chopping of wood. The manufacture of such a chip cutter involves the use of powerful gears or the presence of two shafts, the material for which is metal corners or homemade knives made from springs.

Despite the differences, do-it-yourself chipping machines, as a rule, their operating principles are similar. The design assumes the presence of a motor that rotates the shaft. The shaft, in turn, transmits the driving force to the drum pulley, which contains cutting elements. These elements process wood material into chips.

The nuances of operating homemade equipment

A self-made shredder is essentially three in one: a chopper for branches, a straw cutter, and a mechanism for cutting grass. It helps to significantly facilitate household work associated with the disposal of plant waste, as well as feeding poultry and livestock.

If you have to process grass in small quantities, for example, for chickens, geese, ducks, then very simple devices that operate on human muscle power, for example, a hand pruner, are sufficient.

For homemade electrical equipment, it is recommended to install a separate differential circuit breaker to provide reliable protection against electric shock in case of unforeseen circumstances. In any case, when making a garden shredder yourself, you must follow safety regulations. It is also worth adhering to them during operation of the mechanism. Before working with equipment, it is recommended to wear goggles, suitable protective clothing and check that the structural elements are securely fastened. When creating a home-made unit, you should take into account the upcoming amount of work, as well as the nature of the vegetation being processed, in order to select an engine of the required power and the desired design of knives. This will allow the completed device to cope with the assigned tasks without any problems.

Drawings and dimensions

Having decided on the type of device, the master selects a suitable drawing or creates his own. However, having an understanding of mechanics and strength of materials, an experienced user will draw up a drawing already at the manufacturing stage. The finished part of the drawing will make the task easier - for example, a drawing of an asynchronous motor, gear transmission mechanism and saw blades. All that remains is to choose the dimensions of the frame and body. The design, containing cutting discs for wood, usually used in an angle grinder, is relatively simple, but does not noticeably lose in performance to factory-made shredding machines. You may end up with a device that takes up, for example, 0.2 m3 of space and is easy to move on wheels.

Purchasing a device

If you want to purchase a wood chipping machine in a store, you need to understand that it can be very expensive. The average cost of a factory model is about 3 million rubles. Naturally, such equipment demonstrates high performance, but it is not advisable to buy it for domestic purposes. Instead, it is better to find separate units for drying, crushing and coloring wood chips, which will cost several times less.

Depending on the method of crushing the feedstock, crushers are disc and rotary. Representatives of the first group are equipped with sharp disk knives, while rotary models operate on the basis of a rotating working chamber or drums where the knives are located.

When choosing the appropriate type of crushing equipment, it is important to pay attention to the thickness of the housing. It is desirable that it be at least two centimeters at the site of the cutting unit. Otherwise, when operating at high speeds, the mechanisms may become deformed or even fail.

As for knives, they must be made of high-strength steel with a high degree of wear resistance. For household purposes, a wood chipper with two or more knives is quite sufficient.

Materials and tools

Most of the components of the shredder can be selected from supplies available in the household. For example, the frame is perfectly assembled from metal corners, channels and pipes. An electric motor is usually purchased or taken from a mini-tractor. The cutter used must necessarily have large teeth, and the circular saws must have a diameter of 100 to 200 millimeters. If the work is done on a shaft, then gears are purchased in quantities of a couple of pieces, the same applies to the pulley, as well as to the shaft itself - there should be two of them. Knives can be made from car springs if you have a milling machine.

The tools you should prepare are a hammer drill, wrenches, a grinder, as well as a welding device and a set of fasteners.

Where can I get drawings with dimensions?

On some forums (particularly those given in this article), users offer ready-made drawings of a rotary drum wood chip cutter for the production of wood chips for wood concrete or smoking for a small fee, but they can also be found for free.

In addition, a person who understands plumbing work at the level of an experienced student and has mastered drawing at the school level will be able to draw up a drawing independently , taking into account the features of the available material.

Therefore, anyone who knows how to make a windpick or wood chip cutter for the further production of wood concrete or other use of the wood chips they make with their own hands, and is confident that they are able to assemble such a device themselves, will be able to make a drawing of it without any problems.

Moreover, the manufacture of parts and general installation of a homemade wood chip cutter according to a drawing is much easier than without it, even if there is a supporting video.