3x3 all-terrain vehicle: Ural tricycle, light three-wheeled carakat, do-it-yourself, swamp vehicle, homemade all-terrain vehicles, how to make

Today, fat bikes are one of the popular types of bicycle transport among people who love to ride off-road.

These bicycles got their name due to their wide wheels, the size of which varies from 3.8 to 4.5 inches.

Such vehicles allow you to cover any distance, regardless of the condition of the road surface. So, people can move through swampy areas, sand or snow without problems.

You can purchase similar bicycles from the manufacturer’s warehouse at. The local catalog contains 15 thousand different products from 30 leading manufacturers.

Purpose of a 3x3 all-terrain vehicle

The vehicle in question is designed to overcome any off-road conditions. The tricycle will go through forest paths, sand, mud, ice, shallow water and shallow snow.

ATVs are popular among hunters and fishermen.

Owners appreciate the increased cross-country ability, compactness, and maneuverability of the unit.

Such modifications are of interest to residents of the outback and villages. All-terrain vehicles will confidently overcome country roads, reaching speeds of up to 60 km/h. Moreover, the price of such a vehicle (especially a home-made one) is an order of magnitude lower than its automobile counterpart or ATV.

How to make low pressure tires

If you want to make an all-terrain vehicle of a similar design, you must first familiarize yourself with how to make tires - low-pressure tires. It is advisable to use old truck tires as a base, and it is extremely important that their wear is small. Making such tires yourself is quite simple, just follow the following algorithm of actions:

1. Clean the tires from dirt.
2. Cut them along the inner perimeter, which will allow you to dismantle the wire.
3. Mark rectangles near the cut and cut them out using a construction knife.
4. Remove the wire and secure the tire.
5. Peel the tire from the outer layer.

After such manipulations, the master will have a chamber at his disposal from which he can make a wheel, creating a tire frame. To do this, you will need to weld rims for low-pressure tires, for example, from an aluminum basin, grind the frame and put it on the prepared inner tube. Such wheels can be installed on a homemade all-terrain vehicle made on the basis of a walk-behind tractor.

Tire benefits

Such wheels are very popular when designing all-terrain vehicles, which is due to a wide list of advantages that distinguish them from other possible options. Among them, it is advisable to mention the affordable cost, which will significantly reduce the cost of manufacturing the model.

The wheels are perfect for moving over various types of terrain, allowing them to be used in different regions and weather conditions. There are other advantages of such elements:

• light weight, which can significantly improve the dynamic characteristics of the finished vehicle;
• due to the large area, it is possible to successfully move through sand, snow and other difficult terrain;
• no negative impact on the ground, which allows the use of an all-terrain vehicle for traveling through fields.

An all-terrain vehicle with such wheels can be used as a low-power tractor to perform simple tasks, which makes it a universal solution.

Advantages of a tricycle

1. Diagonal hanging is not possible. All 3 wheels are always in contact with the surface, unless of course the trike is upside down or lying on its side.
2. Less weight with all the consequences: slightly better cross-country ability, lower consumption, better dynamics. All other things being equal, of course.
3. Simplicity of design.
4. Better cross-country ability when compared with rear-wheel drive four-wheel vehicles. I could be wrong here, because... on the one hand, pushing one steering wheel is easier than pushing two. Plus less overall weight. On the other hand, with four wheels, the rear drive wheels already follow the track from the front ones, which can sometimes improve cross-country ability. Therefore, not everything is so simple here.

If we take, for example, an all-wheel drive tricycle and an all-wheel drive ATV with similar characteristics, then I’m almost sure that the quad will be more passable.

That seems to be all there is to the advantages of the three-wheeled layout, now let’s look at the disadvantages.

The main all-terrain exhibition of the country

The All-Terrain Vehicle exhibition, held as part of Let's Go 2021, was held in Moscow for the third time. Manufacturers and sellers of all-terrain vehicles gathered on one site and presented their best models and new products. Among them were all-terrain vehicles KHAN (electric vehicle) ATV, Pioner ATV, RUSAK, Tracker, “Ermak”, “Hedgehog”, “Compass”, “Ksyukha”, “Lesnik”, “LitL”, “Bear”, “Falcon”, “ Cleaver”, “Triumph”, “Ursa” and, of course, “Sherp”, which for the first time presented its entire model range in one place.

“Ksyukha”, although the silhouette of the “Niva” cannot be hidden even behind the huge wheels.

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus

Electric KHAN. A tribute to fashion?

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus
Obviously, the KHAN all-terrain vehicle was made electric in order to show that Russian designers, like everyone else, are trying to adhere to “fashionable” trends in the automotive industry. However, the practical side of such an idea leaves many questions, in particular, where this off-road monster will be charged in some vast expanse of Siberia.

General technical specifications

Homemade tricycles are mainly made on motorcycle frames or structures hand-welded from a metal profile. Wheels from trucks or tractors are used as wheels. The transmission, brakes, steering rod are formed from spare parts of domestic and foreign cars or motorcycles.

For comparison, the table shows the parameters of 2 serial domestic tricycles.

Pros and cons of homemade all-terrain vehicles

Homemade tricycles are not inferior to many factory analogues in terms of performance. At the same time, the costs of manufacturing, repair and maintenance are lower.

Three-wheeled karakat with planetary engine

The article is compiled based on forum materials, link to source

Some information on the caracat, although everything is clear from the photographs, but it may still be interesting. The engine is from an IZH Planet motorcycle, the left cover with a fan is from an SZD disabled person. The standard electrical equipment was replaced with Voskhodovskoe, which does not require a battery and is much more reliable since it has a chroll sensor instead of cams.

UAZ differential and two long UAZ axle shafts. The axle shafts are shortened since the karakat karakat would turn out to be very wide. The original hubs are cut and pressed from Moskvich ones, since the wheels are made on the basis of lighter Moskvich wheels.

The motorcycle wheel disk is halved and a disk for the Bel-79 is made on its basis. In general, two sets of wheels were made, one based on Bel - 79 for mud, one based on tubes for swamps. Upon completion, an unexpected thing emerged: the tube wheels turned out to be somewhat heavier. This year the summer was dry and on the factory wheels we drove through the swamp without any problems; I haven’t “put on” the tube ones yet.

The frame is reinforced with gussets, at the bottom at the engine mount and in the fork mount area. A bronze bushing is inserted into the fork mount for strength, since even without such loads as in the swamp near IZH, the bearings break in this place. The body is made of sheet aluminum and aluminum corner with rivets:

The price of the karakat turned out to be very decent, but this is because a lot had to be redone during the work, since there was no experience in manufacturing just such devices. Various technical problems were also solved along the way. The design mainly used only new parts and materials, which is why the price was high. The device is being modified as it goes into use; it has been out through the summer and half of the fall through mud swamps, etc. no problems so far. Below are photographs of the making of this all-terrain vehicle.

The caracat's cross-country ability is excellent, it rushes through the swamp as it should, the engine is high-torque and even with a load it moves confidently through a completely off-road swamp. Very maneuverable and well controlled, of course not like a regular motorcycle, but quite normal and not heavy. In the north of the Omsk region and in Tyumen it is very rare to see a four-wheeled carakat; three-wheeled ones have been tested by time, and they are simpler in design than four-wheeled ones, less iron and components, which means more reliable.

Homemade swamp tricycle on IZh Planet

The design of this homemade swamp vehicle is so simple that almost any car enthusiast can repeat it in his own garage. The basis of the swamp vehicle is the IZH Planet 3 motorcycle. IZH Planet motorcycles often become donors in all-terrain homemade vehicles, this is primarily due to the endurance and unpretentiousness of their engines.

The bridge was taken from a Muscovite and modernized. We cut out the bearing mounts from the doll with a grinder, then welded the yoke to the bridge stocking (if it is not welded, the stocking will warp when you cut it in half), then cut the stocking itself in order to secure the sprocket. The chain tensioner was also borrowed from the combine.

The KF-97 cameras are used from the agricultural trailer of the T-150 tractor. The tire for such a tube wheel is the same tube, only cut to a smaller diameter. First, the “tire” is put on, then it is tightened with belts. The transverse harnesses turned out to be 1.02 m long, and the longitudinal strip was 3.5 m long. The width of the longitudinal strip is 30 centimeters. The transverse belts with the longitudinal strip are connected using bolts.

The basis was taken from cornfield disks, cut in half using a small grinder and extended by 30 centimeters with steel plates welded between the disk halves (6 plates in total). The disc is covered with a chamber from a VAZ car, cut to a larger diameter. Since the disks were used from a Niva, and the axle from a Muscovite, the rear disks at the mounting points had to be trimmed.

Frame, brakes and transmission

The motorcycle frame has been lengthened and strengthened. To prevent the pendulum fork from “walking”, it was welded. The chain and sprockets are borrowed from the combine. Their ratio is 2 to 1. A small star with 25 teeth, it is attached to the drum using eight hardened 10-point bolts. A large star with 50 teeth. The braking system of a swamp vehicle is no different from any other, so the brakes are left unchanged. But the drum was modernized to accommodate sprocket mounts.

Types of homemade all-terrain vehicles

Lightweight all-terrain vehicles, also called carakatas with low-pressure tires, are in high demand as they are excellent for off-road driving. They compare favorably with standard SUVs because they are able to move in the complete absence of road surfaces and in rough terrain. Such products are distinguished by their simple design and wide functionality, which makes them an ideal vehicle for use in hard-to-reach areas of the country. There are several varieties of this kind of product, which allows everyone to choose the best option for themselves. Among them it is worth mentioning:

• boat-type pneumatic passages, which are distinguished by their affordable cost and simplest design. They are equipped with a suspended power unit, which allows them to move around small bodies of water;
• tracked products, excellent for moving through swamps and reservoirs with a lot of vegetation. It is much more difficult to manufacture such a structure, since this will require selecting a suitable tracked drive;
• swamp vehicles on low-pressure tires are the easiest to manufacture and the most promising type, which can be created from scrap materials at minimal cost.

Since the latter type is the easiest to assemble, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with it in more detail. Similar all-terrain vehicles operate on the same principle, which involves the use of large wheels for off-road movement. There are several subspecies of caracats of this variety. Among them it should be noted:

• all-wheel drive models that involve the use of a gearbox and chassis from a car. It is distinguished by the presence of all-wheel drive, as well as a sealed hull made on the basis of a boat;
• tricycles - products with 3 wheels, assembled on the basis of an unnecessary motorcycle, most often domestically produced;
• all-terrain vehicle made from a motorized stroller - involves placing the power unit under the seat, using a motorized stroller as the basis, as well as car parts;
• models where the basis is passenger vehicles or ATVs.

Before manufacturing, it is extremely important to decide on the type of all-terrain vehicle, its model, and also to obtain suitable drawings, which will allow you to avoid mistakes during the self-assembly process.

All-terrain vehicle characteristics

The actual characteristics of an all-terrain vehicle on low-pressure tires directly depend on the components and elements used, as well as the type of device. It is strongly recommended to use power units of sufficient power, which will allow you to overcome even difficult obstacles without any problems.

Homemade tractors and all-terrain vehicles

Homemade all-terrain swamp vehicle on low-pressure tires with all-wheel drive, made with your own hands.

This all-terrain vehicle is built for off-road travel in forests and swamps, mainly for fishing trips.

The all-terrain vehicle is equipped with a single-cylinder, four-stroke ZiD engine with a power of 4.5 l/s. The engine was made in the Soviet Union and was received in a new condition, so I started making it based on it.

Gearbox (short) from Moskvich. The engine is connected to the gearbox through a homemade clutch made from a Zaporozhets flywheel, its basket and clutch, and the release clutch guide is homemade. The disc had to be re-riveted to fit onto the input shaft of the Moskvich gearbox. A reduction gearbox is installed on the engine.

Frame of fracture type (two half-frames connected by a fracture unit).

In the photo: the fracture site of two half-frames.

In the photo: the author of the homemade all-terrain vehicle.

The swamp vehicle has successfully passed tests and is used for fishing trips. The engine is quite economical, fuel consumption is about 1.5 liters per hour.

The steering wheel is located on the right, this was done because the cord used to start the engine came out from this side, and it’s more convenient to start it while standing on the frame with your right hand. The homemade caracat is transported on a trailer, the trailer is from Taiga. The wheels are removed before packing into the trailer and the caracat drives into the trailer under its own power on bare rims. It can be transported by any passenger car; it can be unloaded on site and assembled in a few minutes.

To inflate the wheels, there is a standard compressor driven by the engine; the all-terrain vehicle is loaded with everything necessary and off-road.

The all-terrain vehicle does not have mudguards; it does not splash with mud or water; in the worst case, only the swamp boots suffer from the mud. And even then only along forest ruts. The speed of movement is low, so nothing is thrown from the wheels in all directions, and in the swamps there is nothing else except grass and water, there is no dirt.

The all-terrain vehicle is more designed for traction; it travels freely through the swamp with a load of 500 kg (fish, driver, passenger) at a speed of about 8-10 km/h according to GPS.

When the swamp rover is not loaded, you can drive faster; when empty, the speed is higher. And for severe cases, there is also a reduction gear, which makes it possible to load the vehicle to pull the UAZ out of the mud, or cross deep ravines. There are no differential locks on both axles, but there are separate front hydraulic brakes on the front axle, which makes it possible to brake a slipping wheel, thereby transferring torque to the other wheel. Such brakes are very helpful if a wheel falls through a “window” in a swamp.

This is how the all-terrain swamp rover turned out, made by hand.

All-terrain vehicle based on the Urals

At the preparatory stage, drawings and a diagram of the future tricycle are being worked out. In the variant under consideration, chain transmission is not provided.

The unit is suitable for 15-inch alloy wheels, which are heavier than homemade analogues, but more reliable and have a beautiful appearance.

After choosing the final concept, they move on to turning the parts of the all-terrain vehicle.

Tools and Supplies

The frame from the Ural motorcycle, converted to accommodate the installation of a car rear axle, was chosen as the base. You will also need the following items:

• ICE type Lifan (6.5 hp);
• variator from a scooter;
• tarred fiberglass;
• moped generator;
• muffler with wide cross-section;
• metal corner 32 mm;
• tires out the Shishiga wheels;
• conveyor belt.

The instrument is traditional. You will need a lathe, yews, a set of keys, screwdrivers, a gas welding machine, and measuring devices.

Main stages of rework

The process of creating a three-wheeled all-terrain vehicle can be divided into several stages:

1. Preparing a variator from a 4-stroke 150 cc scooter. This part is convenient because it is easy to adjust working and coupling speeds. These modifications are mounted on motors with power up to 14 hp.
2. They begin to create the rear axle of the all-terrain vehicle, including preparing the site for the automobile bridge, manufacturing cones and flanges.
3. The front fork is widened and adjusted to fit a wide rim.
4. The seat is made of plastic, lubricating the prepared mold with wax and then laying fiberglass in several layers.

Making odorishi

On a light three-wheeled carakat they put “strippings” from the tires of a GAZ-66 or Ural (Lapot) car, as well as medium-sized tractors. The tires become lighter, while a new tread is cut onto the old rubber, which is responsible for reliable grip when driving on snow and mud.

It’s not difficult to make wheels for an all-terrain vehicle with your own hands. Process steps:

1. Using a construction knife, a cut is made around the perimeter of the tire to remove the wire.
2. Mark rectangles for the future tread and cut them out.
3. The wire is removed with a hook and a hand winch or a screwdriver.
4. The peeled rubber is peeled off.
5. Remove unnecessary layers until the frame remains.
6. The discs are welded to the plates, and the surfaces are sanded.
7. Put the headband on the frame.

Engine and transmission

The wheeled all-terrain vehicle in question was equipped with a Lifan engine, modified for installation on a tricycle. A moped generator and a larger cross-section muffler were also installed. The standard carburetor did not perform well, which is why a tractor starter was installed.

This approach made it possible to increase the power of the karakat by almost 2 times.

The variator works great, in the 2nd range it makes it possible to slip and drift. In mode 4, the unit starts off smoothly, accelerates to 50 km/h, and at high speeds loses stable control. A unit from Honda City, Oka, Zhiguli is suitable as a transmission box. The gearbox is mounted on the vehicle frame and is coupled to the rear axle using a cardan drive.

Final improvements

At the final stage, the reliability of the assembly and the operation of all components are checked. The seat and body are painted, oil and fuel are added. If desired, fenders, mudguards, light and signal elements are mounted.

Stages of karakat development

Conventionally, we can distinguish the following stages on how to assemble a floating caracat:

1. Creating a Frame
2. Making a pendant
3. Creation and installation of wheels
4. Engine and systems installation

Caracat frame

First of all, you need to choose a suitable frame for installing all the necessary equipment and units on it. It is desirable if it is a walk-behind tractor belonging to the medium or even heavy class of equipment.

In fact, even the most “advanced” karakat is nothing more than a homemade all-terrain vehicle, which is usually mounted on a frame with four (4x4) or even three wheels (tricycle). The choice of the number of wheels depends solely on the design features of the intended vehicle and the previously developed design.

The wheels must be “shod” with high-quality low-pressure tires; the structure is powered by an installed powerful internal combustion engine.

Suspension

The suspension of a walk-behind tractor will require special attention and precision on the part of the developer. At this stage, in addition to the suspension itself, the master will need to make a rear axle, which is done exclusively with his own hands.

Rear axle drawing example

The suspension provides a special design made of two separate parts connected together by hinges. In this case, the spars must mate with each other, for which a steering bushing is used. Ultimately, it is possible to form independent front and rear suspensions.

The main condition is to achieve exceptionally high suspension independence, because It is this indicator that allows the all-terrain vehicle to be operated in the most unpredictable places, guaranteeing the safety of the structure.

Maneuverability and cross-country ability should be the primary factors that you should pay attention to when making a homemade caracat design from a walk-behind tractor.

How to choose a trike (three-wheeled bicycle)

Today, manufacturers offer a fairly large selection of tricycles of various types, but the best will be the one that best suits your individual requirements.
The approach to choosing a tricycle is practically indistinguishable from choosing a regular two-wheeled bike, because the difference between these types of transport is only in the design of the frame and the additional wheel.

Please note the following key points:

How do you want to use the bike?

If you are buying a trike only for comfortable walks on regular asphalt surfaces, then feel free to choose the simplest and cheapest model. If a bicycle is needed not only for a pleasant pastime, but also for transporting goods, especially over rough terrain, you should choose a cargo version of a bicycle with a transmission and the ability to change the speed limit.

Who will drive the trike?

If only one person will ride a bicycle, then the selection of a bicycle is carried out according to his individual characteristics (height, strength), but if the bicycle is also in demand by other family members or employees, it is necessary to find an option suitable for everyone.

Ural Hercules - factory Ural tricycle

The Irbit Motorcycle Plant has released a three-wheeled modification in its model range for transporting cargo up to 500 kg. The model is called “Hercules” and moves well both on city roads and off-road. The sides of the tricycle are also removable and this allows it not to be limited in the size of the cargo it transports. Hercules is a truck that does not require a category “C” license.

Ural Hercules

Technical characteristics of the Hercules tricycle:

• Dimensions: 335x150x115 cm
• Ground clearance: 185 mm
• Weight: 500 kg
• Fuel tank capacity: 19 l
• Maximum speed: 70 km/h
• Engine capacity: 750 cc
• Power: 45 hp
• Engine type: opposed 4-stroke with two cylinders
• Generator: 500 W
• Electrical: 12 V
• Transmission: 4-speed, with reverse gear
• Tires: 6.45 and 13 inches

Result

The trike turned out to be quite suitable for use. Of course, there cannot be special dynamics with such power, and it is not needed. As I already said, the average speed in the forest rarely exceeds 25-30 km/h, and even then on a relatively flat surface. The power of this engine is enough to confidently maintain a speed of around 20-25 km/h in 4th gear. Then there just isn't enough momentum. I'm thinking of increasing the maximum speed with the help of stars. Now with 15 teeth on the motor and 35 teeth on the gearbox, the speed is as follows:

• in 1st gear - about 3-4 km/h;
• on the 2nd - 6-8 km/h;
• on the 3rd - 14-17 km/h;
• in 4th - up to 24 km/h.

As for traction, there is plenty of it. The trike pulls away easily even in third gear. It’s possible in fourth, but there’s already a load on the engine and clutch.

In general, the power of this engine is quite enough for confident off-road movement, and thanks to the good “lowering” and reverse gear, the cross-country ability has increased noticeably.

Three-wheeled models of 3x3 all-terrain vehicles

3-wheel swamp vehicles are not as common as ATVs. This category is represented by units on low pressure tires. Vehicles are made by hand or produced in small series. Among the latest versions, several manufacturers can be noted.

All-terrain vehicles Barkhan

Karakat is designed to carry cargo and 2 people. The compact amphibian effectively overcomes rough terrain with different slopes, swampy areas and sections covered with silt or peat, with a thickness of 300 mm. Shallow rivers and lakes will not become an obstacle for the specified vehicle.

The Barkhan 200 modification floats well due to the air in the tires, which have a low weight and increased ground clearance. It is possible to additionally tow a trailer up to 270 kg. The frame is a tubular, welded configuration, the front suspension is a fork-lever with springs and shock absorbers. The rear shaft supports are fixed rigidly, the disc brakes are hydraulically driven.

Vasyugan models

The three-axle Vasyugan 3WD SUV has a 3x3 wheel arrangement and is equipped with switchable all-wheel drive. The equipment is assembled to order, taking into account the wishes of the potential buyer. The all-terrain vehicle can be equipped with low-pressure tires or similar ones with a special tread.

The engine is a 150 cc 4-stroke internal combustion engine, the transmission is a CVT, the start is electric or kick starter. The model's load capacity is up to 200 kg.

Pakhus Veles

The all-wheel drive tricycle is designed for use on rough, swampy terrain and other off-road conditions. A powerful engine complete with electric start, CVT, and wide LP tires is responsible for cross-country ability. Capacity - 2 people, maximum speed - 45 km/h.

The Veles 3x3 all-terrain vehicle is presented in 2 modifications. They differ from each other in tire dimensions (25 and 26 inches). The motor is a QMJ157 type engine with reverse. The power of the 4-stroke air-cooled engine is 9.5 hp.

Ataman

The Ataman all-terrain vehicle differs from its analogues in the type of engine. A multi-purpose motor is used as a power unit, mounted on various types of equipment, including generators and cultivators. Vehicle weight is 110 kg, with a load capacity of 180 kg. The package includes a trunk and a device for towing a trailer weighing up to 250 kg.

Three-wheeled modifications of Ataman:

1. Classic and AWD with an ATV engine, reverse gear.
2. Power with motors up to 15 hp
3. Diesel with engines 10-12 hp.

All-terrain vehicles Shogrash

A floating all-terrain vehicle is designed to transport people and cargo on different road surfaces and water surfaces. Number of people - up to 4, cargo weight - 200 kg, towed trailer - 250 kg. The tricycle on ND tires is equipped with a quad engine with forced atmospheric cooling. Upon request, it is possible to install a liquid jacket and more powerful motors.

The basic configuration includes a gasoline engine with reverse and electric starter. The speed limiter is 45 km/h, the fuel tank capacity is 12 liters, and there is a CVT. The steering linkage is of a motorcycle type, which simplifies the control of the pneumatic stroke.

Zubr line

The tricycles of the Trike series of this manufacturer are equipped with 4-stroke internal combustion engines with 1 or 2 cylinders, with a power from 9 to 24 hp. (270-680 cc). The motor is rigidly mounted on the axle and gearbox, the clutch is fixed on the crankshaft, which ensures maximum torque transmission.

The all-terrain vehicle is equipped with a manual transmission with 4 modes, and there are 2 gearboxes for the rear wheels. The main advantage of the design is the absence of chains in the running unit.

The vehicle has permanent rear-wheel drive and can overcome off-road conditions without any problems due to the correct weight distribution and differential, which transfers the load to the wheel opposite to the steering wheel. Low pressure tires, equipped with 2 or 4 rubber cord layers.

Location of tricycle parts

As we have already said, the engine of a Ural tricycle is not located on the main axis, like in motorcycles. It is placed between the rear wheels, because of this, when accelerating quickly, the tricycle easily rears up. But this is a much safer event than on a motorcycle and adds adrenaline and entertainment to the trip.

As a motor, you can use a native motor from the Urals or take a car engine. The main parameter of choice is its capacity between the rear wheels. Be sure to securely fasten it in at least three places. Most often, if the power unit is in good condition, then you don’t even need to do anything to it. And if the engine is old, then you can replace the radiator or some other elements.

Depending on the engine you choose, you will also have to change the exhaust system by installing one muffler for each cylinder.

When converting a motorcycle from the Urals into a tricycle with your own hands, the gearbox is usually installed on the left side, because you usually need to hold the steering wheel firmly with your right hand. You'll have to think a little about how to connect it to the engine, because now the gearbox will be located at a much greater distance from it.

• The standard motorcycle suspension will have to be redone due to the fact that the load on the wheels in the Ural moto tricycle is distributed differently.
• This is done using two consoles and two large springs (aircraft springs are ideal, but car springs will also work). The consoles are connected by levers through which the front axle passes.
• Powerful springs are needed because when moving, a huge load is placed on the front wheel and suspension. The remaining springs can be left as standard motorcycle springs.

Tricycle with Chinese engine

Hi all! As you already understood from the title, this article will focus on a tricycle with a Chinese Forza engine (similar to Lifan). Initially, the tricycle was made from a Ural motorcycle, which is discussed in detail in the article of the same name. Here we will consider the process of installing the engine, connecting it to the Zhiguli gearbox, preparing the mount for all this, and related issues. So, let's begin. Why is all this needed?

The answer to this logical question follows from the shortcomings of the native Ural engine and transmission. Namely:

• constant problems with carburetors and the ignition system;
• tendency to overheat;
• high gasoline consumption.

• no reverse gear;
• Speed ​​is too high in first gear.

It seems like little things, especially considering that the trike has never seriously let us down, but it would have been better without them.

Plus, it was just interesting to cross a Chinese engine with a classic gearbox. It was interesting what would come of it. And it turned out quite well.

A few words about the engine

Initially, it was planned to install exclusively a 15-horsepower Lifan with a reduction gearbox and automatic clutch. But the practice of using a trike in the forest has shown that the average speed of movement rarely exceeds 25-30 km/h. Due to the fact that all the roads are overgrown or swamped, traveling at high speed is either impossible, uncomfortable and even dangerous. Therefore, it was decided to go with the Lifan engine with a power of 6.5 horsepower, also with a reduction gearbox and automatic clutch. It cost 2 times less than the 15-horsepower one, plus I had a little experience in operating this particular engine and confidence in its reliability. An acquaintance drove a motorized towing vehicle with such an engine for several seasons under very harsh use. What I wasn't sure about was whether 6.5 horsepower would be enough for a tricycle weighing about half a ton. Looking ahead, I will say that it was quite enough.

Forza engine - analogue of Lifan

It so happened that the seller did not have the 6.5-horsepower Lifan with the required shaft diameter for the gearbox, but there was a FORZA engine similar to it, which, in addition, cost a thousand rubles less. The characteristics are the same, the dimensions are the same, time will tell in terms of quality and reliability, fortunately there is a one-year warranty. Everything (motor and gearbox) cost about 9,500 rubles.

It was immediately decided to use the box from the classics. We found an old but working 4-mortar on Avito for only 1,200 rubles. These boxes are very reliable, I think it is the most durable component of the tricycle.

How to connect the engine to the gearbox

Everything is simple here, with the help of stars and a chain. I had to tinker a little with the star on the box. The splined part from the Zhiguli clutch disc was machined for it and simply welded into the star. In this way, the star was easily put on the input shaft of the box, which, in addition, was inserted into an additional bearing outside the box.

Connecting the engine to the gearbox

In our case, the box shaft rotates in the opposite direction, because The bridge was upside down and I didn’t want to re-weld the fastenings. Plus, with this rotation, the layout turned out to be the simplest and most compact. As for the cardan, on the side of the bridge there is a regular crosspiece, and on the side of the box there is a native Zhiguli rubber coupling. Everything works great.

Lightweight three-wheeled karakat

The author has been making light three-wheeled caracats for about two years now. Initially, the author was going to make a three-wheeled off-road moped, but then he decided to make it for sale and accordingly build on the wishes of clients. Therefore, a similar machine was born, not large in size, but with a powerful engine. The weight of the all-terrain vehicle is under 200 kilograms, which makes it easy to transport and store.

Materials and parts used to build this all-terrain vehicle model:

1) Lifan 6.5 liter internal combustion engine. With. 2) Gearbox from a Honda City 3) CVT from a scooter 4) Resin fiberglass 5) generator from a moped 6) wide-section muffler 7) corner 32 mm conveyor belt

Let's take a closer look at the stages of all-terrain vehicle construction.

To begin with, the layout of the all-terrain vehicle was thought out and the main development paths for the vehicle were determined. The author immediately abandoned the idea of ​​a chain drive, more for reasons of reliability. It was After determining the basic concept, as well as selecting materials, the author began turning work on the parts of the all-terrain vehicle.

A four-stroke variator from a 150cc scooter was prepared. It is convenient because it is easy to adjust both the operating speed and the clutch speed. As a standard, such CVTs are installed on engines with power up to 14 hp. so there shouldn't be any problems. Here is a photo of the variator and drive pulley:

Then the author began work on the rear axle of the all-terrain vehicle, as well as turning the cones:

Started manufacturing flanges for wheels:

A gearbox from a Honda City was used as a gearbox, although it was originally planned to install one from Oka:

Then the gearbox was installed on the all-terrain vehicle frame:

The Lifan engine was used, which was slightly modified for use on a three-wheeled karkat:

Here is a picture of the machine on which most of the turning work on the parts of the all-terrain vehicle was carried out:

Wheels and rims from BMW were installed:

A generator from a moped and a large cross-section muffler were also installed:

The original carburetor performed poorly, so a tractor starter was installed, which almost doubled the power of the all-terrain vehicle. The variator works great; in second gear the all-terrain vehicle is capable of slipping and even drifting. The maximum speed for second gear is 40 kilometers per hour. In fourth gear, the all-terrain vehicle starts off very smoothly and accelerates well, but at speeds above 50 km per hour, it becomes difficult to control, so the author did not test maximum speeds.

Soviet analogue of Mikuni 22 mm, there is a button on the bottom of the carburetor, which is convenient when starting the all-terrain vehicle:

The all-terrain vehicle frame was made from 32 mm angle iron. a meter of angle weighs about 1.2 kilograms, and a meter of square pipe 25 by 2 mm weighs 1.1 kilograms. That is, if desired, it would be possible to reduce the weight of the frame, but the author decided to make the frame more reliable and strong.

The carburetor is used from the starter. It starts up perfectly, works well both at minimum and maximum modes, but in the transition it was acting up and it took two whole days to get it right:

Adult 3 wheel bicycle - classification

Folding. It is very convenient to store, especially in urban environments, as it takes up very little space.

Electric bike. Equipped with an electric motor, so it is convenient for the movement of elderly people and people with disabilities.

Folding three-wheeled electric bicycle. This is an excellent option for older people living in small apartments or houses, since this model is not only convenient to store, but also easy to ride.

Reclining. This model has wheels and pedals located at the front and is operated in a lying position. It combines a regular tricycle and a recumbent bike to provide a comfortable ride. There are single and double options.

Recumbent three-wheel tandem. It has many settings that will ensure maximum riding comfort, including a 24-speed transmission for uphill and downhill driving. It is equipped with a seat that provides a comfortable seating position.

With a low frame. This makes it easier to get on the bike, which is suitable for people with mobility impairments and women.

Double for walking. In this model, the seats are located parallel, which allows you to have a conversation with your partner while leisurely riding in the fresh air. The pedals can be pedaled by both cyclists at the same time, or in turns.

Three-wheel tandem. This model of a bicycle for adults differs from the previous one in that the seats in it are not located parallel, but along the length of the bike, one behind the other. They can be controlled both together and separately.

Three-wheeled chopper. The models are made in an exclusive stylish version with graceful lines that are different from all two- or three-wheeled bicycles. They look unusual and beautiful.

Is it possible to assemble a tricycle for adults with your own hands?

On the bicycle market you can buy a ready-made kit, which includes an M2 rear axle, a Uk6 rear axle and a kit for a three-wheeled six-speed bicycle with and without a differential, and assemble a tricycle for adults yourself.

These kits are so versatile that the rear axle design is ideal for tricycles with different wheel diameters and frame sizes and can be converted to any bike.

The only thing to consider is that the drive of a tricycle for adults without a differential is usually only available on the right wheel. Therefore, when turning right, there is a slight tilt to the left. Typically, tricycles use standard components other than the frame, so there are no problems with repairs and spare parts.

DIY low pressure tires

Tires of this type visually resemble huge pillows that support the entire structure. The degree of grip in such wheels allows the vehicle to be passable on any off-road terrain. Depending on the design features, such tires are divided into the following types:

1. Arched. They are 5 times larger in size compared to a standard wheel, and have a thickness of up to 700 mm. The pressure in them is like in a regular ball - 0.05 MPa. Installed exclusively on the drive drive.
2. Wide-profile. They are distinguished by an oval design and pressure up to 2 times lower than standard. Most often used in lifting vehicles.
3. Toroidal. They are manufactured in tube and tubeless versions and are highly popular among car enthusiasts.
4. Pneumatic rollers, having lugs to improve cross-country ability, and stiffening ribs, giving the entire structure stability and strength.

The cost of factory-made low-pressure tires may be unaffordable for many car enthusiasts. But for your own all-terrain vehicle, it is quite possible to make such a wheel yourself. The work is performed in the following order:

1. Selection of source material, for example, agricultural or aircraft tires, as well as other types of industrial transport.

2. The tread is cleaned, washed and dried, after which the desired patterns are drawn to create your own design, as well as to remove excess wire and rubber.

3. To remove excess wire, the inner part of the wheel is trimmed and the cord is removed using a winch.

4. Excess rubber is also removed with a winch, making cuts around the circumference, and securing them to the cable with pliers, carefully pulling them and cutting them with a knife.

5. After removing the tread layer, the surface is cleaned with sandpaper.

6. Disk assembly. To do this, use a standard disk cut in half, or welded from plates and pipes, and then carefully polished to prevent damage to the camera.

7. The tire is pulled onto the rim and secured with belts or a fire hose, and then inflated. The wheel is ready.

What type of tread should I choose for an all-terrain vehicle?

To select the right type of tread for an all-terrain vehicle with low-pressure tires, you need to consider the following factors:

1. The protector must have the ability to self-clean. This property is especially important for using an all-terrain vehicle in harsh and wetlands.
2. When using an all-terrain vehicle on peat bogs, choose tires with low and shallow terrain, otherwise if their top layer breaks, the grip will be insufficient for full movement.
3. When used in snowy areas and on sandstones, tires with a rare pattern are chosen.

How to make a caterpillar all-terrain vehicle with your own hands

Such a tracked mini-all-terrain vehicle is a single-seater vehicle whose carrying capacity is about 200 kg. The width parameters of future vehicles are calculated depending on the required parameters of stability during movement. The power plant is used from old domestic cars and should produce 50 hp or more. With. Such parameters are enough to move at a speed of 20-30 km/h. But off-road, when driving through swampy areas, the average speed is 10-15 km/h.

The all-terrain vehicle has excellent maneuverability in wetlands

Necessary spare parts and materials for making the machine

Typically, homemade all-terrain vehicles on tracks consist of elements that you can buy or make yourself. So, when a unit is created from a walk-behind tractor, the following elements are included in its design:

1. The frame is in the form of the main power element to which all components are attached.
2. Rear axle designed for mounting rear wheels.
3. Track belt, as well as track tensioner.
4. Control system.
5. Fuel tank.
6. The driver's seat, which is recommended to be protected from possible dirt getting on it while driving.
7. A lighting system that allows you to move safely even at night.

Recommendations from specialists for assembling the unit

It is recommended to equip such vehicles with a reduction gearbox, as well as a forced cooling system for the power plant. Air flow alone while driving at low speeds is not enough to maintain proper thermal conditions. The frame is installed between the front and rear axles, using square pipes as the base.

This will give the structure rigidity. In this case, it is recommended to make the joining of the frame elements rigid, so that a single-volume homemade tracked all-terrain vehicle is obtained.

One of the most crucial moments is creating a sketch of the future unit. On such drawings, it is necessary to clearly indicate the location of all mechanisms and components as accurately as possible. The choice of parts (homemade or factory-made) is determined depending on their performance and the load to which they will be subjected. The power plant used is one removed from an old car (often domestic). If the unit is made in small sizes, then the power of a motorcycle engine will be enough.

All-terrain vehicle drawing

As for the chassis, it has the form of rubber tracks, a special tension system, suspension and forks. To create the tracks themselves, old car tires are often used. A metal frame is used as the base for the chassis.

But to create a control system, you need to use ready-made elements borrowed from cars or motorcycles. Homemade swamp vehicles are equipped with a power supply system, where the entire fuel supply is stored in a special tank. Often it is gasoline or diesel; gas power plants are extremely rarely used.

The process of creating homemade all-terrain vehicles with a tracked chassis design begins with the installation of the body. This element must be highly durable and waterproof.

The base is created rigid, for which steel pipes are used, which are able to withstand loads several times greater than those that arise during movement.

After this, the tracks themselves are installed. For this purpose, ordinary sheet rubber is used, from which ring rubber is created. Then special aluminum blades are attached to it from the outside. On the reverse side, limiters are mounted with a step width no greater than the width of the wheels.

After this, the bridges are removed through special holes in the body. For protection it is worth using rubber couplings. The tape itself is attached so that the driving front and rear wheels are between the limiters. Next, additional wheels are installed and secured between the main ones. They are necessary to support the tape.

Upon completion of all work, heavy-duty glass must be installed in the cabin to prevent dirt from getting inside.

As individual elements and parts of the structure are created, it is recommended to check them for strength and performance. It is recommended to provide at least a 5-fold level of safety margin in order to increase the reliability of the future unit. As soon as the bench tests are completed, you can begin testing the all-terrain vehicle in the field. This will allow you to evaluate the behavior of transport.

What is needed to make an all-terrain vehicle

When planning to make an all-terrain vehicle with your own hands, you need to make sure in advance that you have the materials, drawings, and the appropriate tools. For most connections, especially frames, it is recommended to use a welding machine to ensure long service life and high structural strength.

Materials

It can be convenient to use a walk-behind tractor as the basis for an all-terrain vehicle on low-pressure tires, which will significantly reduce costs and simplify the self-assembly process. You will need to find several elements at once, without which the construction of a karakat will be impossible:

• frame of suitable shape and size;
• rear axle, which will be used to mount the rear wheels;
• a seat for the driver, as well as means of protecting him from dirt and precipitation;
• lighting devices that will be required for driving at night.

Do-it-yourself tricycle assembly from the Urals

Before starting work, it is necessary to think through the design of the future tricycle and the location of all elements. Ideally, make a drawing of the future vehicle.

Important design points:

1. All joints must be reinforced.
2. Car cups are welded to the top beam. It also serves as a support for shock absorbers.
3. Frames are welded to the central beam, which serve as footrests for passengers and also support the suspension bump stops.
4. The base for the pedal weights is the lower transverse tube, which is attached to the frame.
5. A support for the gearbox is also made on the transverse frame.
6. The main difference between a tricycle and a motorcycle is that the engine is located at the rear and therefore the center of gravity of the vehicle is shifted back. When accelerating, such a tricycle rears up a little. Below you can see a diagram of how to convert a Ural motorcycle into a tricycle.

Do-it-yourself three-wheeled swamp vehicle

Homemade swamp vehicle, made by yourself: photo and description of the homemade product.

This all-terrain vehicle is built for travel in off-road conditions, mud, slush, snow and swamps; the vehicle can easily overcome, and it should be taken into account that the swamp vehicle is assembled from spare parts from domestic auto-moto equipment.

The design of the swamp vehicle is shown in the photo:

To build the all-terrain vehicle, part of the frame from the Izh motorcycle was used, however, it had to be radically altered in order to install the rear axle from the Lada.

The homemade product is equipped with an engine from a motorized stroller and an additional gearbox. There is also a reverse gear.

The wheels are worn off from a Ural Lapot truck. The wheels are homemade.

There is a cardan transmission on the rear axle of the tricycle.

A homemade swamp vehicle that moves well in deep snow, mud and other off-road conditions.

Tools and materials

A good option would be to make a vehicle from an Alpha moped. Instead of standard propellers, it is recommended to use wheels from an Izh motorcycle. But you can get a good device from Dnepr. Even models from very old series are suitable, including those in extremely worn condition.

For the rear part, use car wheels. The ideal donor for wheels and axles will be VAZ cars of any model.

Sometimes a tricycle is also obtained from the Voskhod motorcycle. The basic mechanism has excellent speed characteristics, which increases the significance of this option. The gearbox is taken from any cargo scooter. The body is made by hand. It is advisable to install forced cooling and change the gear ratio.

When they say that a three-wheeled vehicle is made from a chainsaw, they mean that the engine was taken from there. Of course, you can use motors only from the most powerful saws as a basis. The remaining components are:

• frame made of ordinary VGP;
• wheels and axles removed from garden carts;
• a driven sprocket and chain taken from a bicycle;
• small leading star with D-6;
• handcrafted wings.

If you decide to make a three-wheeler from an “ant,” then additional components are usually taken from Izh motorcycles. The engine and variator can be anything, even made somewhere in Asia in semi-underground conditions. The frame, gearbox, hubs and shock-absorbing unit are removed from the “ant”. The axle shafts are borrowed from VAZ.

Hydraulic components and brakes can be collected from the Minsk motorcycle. But experienced experimenters sometimes even make them themselves.

One original and quite convenient variation is a three-wheeled vehicle made from a pit bike. Despite the “childish” purpose of the original vehicle, it can turn out to be a real all-terrain vehicle that can overcome off-road conditions perfectly. On the ATV, part of the stationary axle is cut out, leaving the factory brake and main sprocket. You can add a differential, but then you will have to deal with scrupulous alignment. FYI: An excellent trimmer tricycle can be created based on the Champion.

It is appropriate to complete the analysis of possible options using the example of three-wheeled transport from OKI. It is rarely used in its pure form; it is much more correct to create “hybrids” with motorcycles such as “Ural”.

For the work itself you will need:

welding machine (an inverter is possible, although not necessary);

• electrodes of a suitable type;
• grinder (for cutting and grinding metal, removing burrs);
• spanners;
• screwdrivers;
• electric drill;
• other tools and components - at personal discretion.

Homemade all-terrain vehicles from a Ural motorcycle are easy

Today, all-terrain vehicles based on the Ural motorcycle have become very popular. Even without modifications, this motorcycle is capable of traveling off-road. Since roads are not always of excellent quality, and you have to get around somehow, several mechanisms with increased cross-country ability were invented. One of them is based on the Ural motorcycle.

The all-terrain vehicle will move on three wheels with reduced pressure. It will be based on the units of this motorcycle. The same applies to the frame, to which an additional structure will be added. One of the connections is located in the upper shock absorber mounting area, where the motorcycle frame bends.

The main part of the additional structure is a 0.42 mm curved pipe. Rigidity is achieved through a strong triangle made of the same material, additional bracing and braces at the upper level of the frame. The complexity of the design makes it possible to evenly distribute the weight of the all-terrain vehicle between the wheels and add another passenger seat.

The seats remain unchanged and are attached in the same way. You can replace the handles with a stiffer version for ease of fit. Between the last two seats there is a box in which it is convenient to store a first aid kit. Instead of a battery, you can install an oil canister, and the gas tank is located at the rear of the frame.

Travel and travelers

Andrey Ponkratov.

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus
The most famous and eminent travelers, bloggers and journalists gathered on two stages of “Let’s Go 2021” and “Vezdekhodera”. The topics of their presentations were varied: from expeditions on motorcycles, cars and all-terrain vehicles to around the world travel by plane. As part of the exhibition, the premiere of a new project of the My Planet TV channel, “At Home is Better,” with Andrei Ponkratov took place.

Igor Skikevich.

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Exhibition participant Igor Skikevich, who hitchhiked across the entire country while disabled and confined to a wheelchair, aroused special respect among visitors.

All-terrain vehicle "Ursa" based on the UAZ "Patriot".

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus

Motorcyclist mask.

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus

"Let's go 2021."

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The legendary Harley.

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This is BMW.

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One of the Sherpas.

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus

A truly unique motorcycle that uses car wheels. It also has a separate hydraulic drive to the stroller wheel.

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus

"Let's go 2021."

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus

This is BMW.

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus

"Let's go 2021."

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Zillers.

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"Let's go 2021."

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus

Participants of the "Baikal Mile".

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This is BMW.

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus

"Let's go 2021", motorhomes and campers.

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“Let's go 2021”, motorhomes and campers, kitchen, budget option.

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"Let's go 2021", motorhomes and campers.

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Motorcyclist masks.

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"Let's go 2021."

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"Let's go 2021."

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus

All-terrain vehicle "Forester".

© Olga Sokolova / Ridus